Observational studyClinical drug investigation2021
Observational Study of Chlorpromazine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.
Observational study in Clinical drug investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of antidepressants on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from an observational study.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- NMR Crystallographic Investigation Coupled with Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveals the Nature of Disorder in Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Solvatomorphs.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Association of fluvoxamine with mortality and symptom resolution among inpatients with COVID-19 in Uganda: a prospective interventional open-label cohort study.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Medications Modulating the Acid Sphingomyelinase/Ceramide System and 28-Day Mortality among Patients with SARS-CoV-2: An Observational Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fluvoxamine Mediates Specific, Early, and Delayed SARS-CoV-2 Protection through Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Pathways via Sigma-1 Receptor Agonism.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Article
- Prospects of Novel and Repurposed Immunomodulatory Drugs against Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Associated with COVID-19 Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Risk of Death in Individuals Hospitalized for COVID-19 With and Without Psychiatric Disorders: An Observational Multicenter Study in France.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Antidepressant Use and Its Association with 28-Day Mortality in Inpatients with SARS-CoV-2: Support for the FIASMA Model against COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Association between antidepressant use and ED or hospital visits in outpatients with SARS-CoV-2.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Association Between the Use of Psychotropic Medications and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection Among Long-term Inpatients With Serious Mental Illness in a New York State-wide Psychiatric Hospital System.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of action of fluvoxamine for COVID-19: a historical review.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Association between benzodiazepine receptor agonist use and mortality in patients hospitalised for COVID-19: a multicentre observational study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2022Observational
- Association between FIASMA psychotropic medications and reduced risk of intubation or death in individuals with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19: an observational multicenter study.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 first wave pandemic in a French nursing home with residents suffering from severe mental illnesses.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
- Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands Chlorpromazine and Trifluoperazine Attenuate CaCell and tissue biology · 2022Article
- Hydroxyzine Use and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Multicenter Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Analysis of the impact of antidepressants and other medications on COVID-19 infection risk in a chronic psychiatric in-patient cohort.BJPsych open · 2021Article
- Association Between FIASMAs and Reduced Risk of Intubation or Death in Individuals Hospitalized for Severe COVID-19: An Observational Multicenter Study.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Observational
- Dexamethasone use and mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A multicentre retrospective observational study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionChlorpromazine has been suggested as being potentially useful in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the grounds of its potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association between chlorpromazine use and mortality among adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
methodsWe conducted an observational, multicenter, retrospective study at Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Greater Paris University hospitals. Study baseline was defined as the date of first prescription of chlorpromazine during hospitalization for COVID-19. The primary endpoint was death. Among patients who had not been hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs), we compared this endpoint between those who received chlorpromazine and those who did not, in time-to-event analyses adjusted for patient characteristics, clinical markers of disease severity, and other psychotropic medications. The primary analysis used a Cox regression model with inverse probability weighting. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed.
resultsOf the 14,340 adult inpatients hospitalized outside ICUs for COVID-19, 55 patients (0.4%) received chlorpromazine. Over a mean follow-up of 14.3 days (standard deviation [SD] 18.2), death occurred in 13 patients (23.6%) who received chlorpromazine and 1289 patients (9.0%) who did not. In the primary analysis, there was no significant association between chlorpromazine use and mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-5.40; p = 0.163). Sensitivity analyses included a Cox regression in a 1:5 ratio matched analytic sample that showed a similar result (HR 1.67, 95% CI 0.91-3.06; p = 0.100) and a multivariable Cox regression that indicated a significant positive association (HR 3.10, 95% CI 1.31-7.34; p = 0.010).
conclusionOur results suggest that chlorpromazine prescribed at a mean daily dose of 70.8 mg (SD 65.3) was not associated with reduced mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.