ReviewPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2021
Snake bite associated with acute kidney injury.
Review in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Snake envenomation and acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Nephroprotective Effects of Wedelolactone against Snake Venom-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Insights into Experimental Envenomation.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Profiling cytotoxicity of nanofractionated elapid snake venoms in human cell lines representing different tissues.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Acute kidney injury induced by snakebites in pediatric patients.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Masked peril: acute kidney injury in snakebite victims.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of paediatric snakebites in Northeastern Nigeria: a retrospective single-center study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- ExplainingToxins · 2025Article
- Article
- Urinary exosomes as promising biomarkers for early kidney disease detection.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2025Review
- Sinus bradycardia and acute renal injury secondary to Viperidae snakebite: first case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Pediatric acute kidney injury and adverse health outcomes: using a foundational framework to evaluate a causal link.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics of snake envenomation-related acute kidney injury in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in children: a report from the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) consensus conference.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- The Chinese guideline for management of snakebites.World journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Snake Envenoming: A Narrative Review.Toxins · 2023Review
- Fangs in the Ghats: Preclinical Insights into the Medical Importance of Pit Vipers from the Western Ghats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effect of SeveralJournal of tropical medicine · 2023Article
- Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Snakebite Envenomation: A Brief Descriptive Review and Clinical Implications.Toxins · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-known life-threatening systemic effect of snake envenomation which commonly happens secondary to snake bites from families of Viperidae and Elapidae. Enzymatic toxins in snake venom result in injuries to all kidney cell types including glomerular, tubulo-interstitial and kidney vasculature. Pathogenesis of kidney injury due to snake envenomation includes ischaemia secondary to decreased kidney blood flow caused by systemic bleeding and vascular leakage, proteolytic degradation of the glomerular basement membrane by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), deposition of microthrombi in the kidney microvasculature (thrombotic microangiopathy), direct cytotoxic action of venom, systemic myotoxicity (rhabdomyolysis) and accumulation of large amounts of myoglobin in kidney tubules. Clinical features of AKI include fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, nausea, vomiting, oliguria and anuria. Monitoring of blood pressure, fluid balance, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and serum electrolytes is useful in managing AKI induced by snake envenomation. Early initiation of anti-snake venom and early diagnosis of AKI are always desirable. Biomarkers which will help in early prediction of AKI are being explored, and current studies suggest that urinary clusterin, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and serum cystatin C may play an important clinical role in the future. Apart from fluid and electrolyte management, kidney support including early and prompt initiation of kidney replacement therapy when indicated forms the bedrock in managing snake bite-associated AKI. Long-term follow-up is important because of chances of progression towards CKD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.