ArticleFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2021
The role of Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway in T-cell function and prognosis of patients with human papilloma virus-associated cervical carcinoma.
Article in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cervical Cytokine Profile in High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology · 2026Article
- LILRB4 shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment to drive cervical cancer progression through tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell expansion and CD8Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Spatially organized macrophage-T-cell crosstalk in cervical cancer: insights from single-cell and spatial omics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CTLA4 genetic variants influence immune regulation and susceptibility of HPV associated cervical cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- The concurrent silencing of Tim-3 and STAT-3 promotes tumor regression both in vitro and in ovo.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Machine learning analysis reveals tumor heterogeneity and stromal-immune niches in breast cancer.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Galectin-9-An Emerging Glyco-Immune Checkpoint Target for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TIM-3/Galectin-9 Immune Axis in Colorectal Cancer in Relation to KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1 Mutations, MSI Status, and the Cytokine Milieu.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Serum soluble Tim‑3 is elevated in patients with cervical cancer and is higher in advanced clinical stages.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Leukocyte-specific protein 1 is associated with the stage and tumor immune infiltration of cervical cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of HIV and oncogenic human papillomavirus on the tumor immune microenvironment of penile squamous cell carcinoma.PloS one · 2024Article
- Galectin-9 - ligand axis: an emerging therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9).Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- Galectin-9 and myeloid-derived suppressor cell as prognostic indicators for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Review to Understand the Crosstalk between Immunotherapy and Tumor Metabolism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Galectin-9 Expression is Correlated to Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression and Overall Survival.OncoTargets and therapy · 2023Article
- Interactions between vaginal local cytokine IL-2 and high-risk human papillomavirus infection with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a Chinese population-based study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- HPV-Positive and -Negative Cervical Cancers Are Immunologically Distinct.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The interaction between Tim-3 on T cell and its ligand, Galectin-9, negatively regulates cellular immune responses. However, the role of Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway in the immune evasion of cervical cancer remains unknown. This study is to investigate the expression, function, and regulation of Tim-3/Galectin-9 signaling pathway in human papilloma virus (HPV) positive cervical cancer. Flow cytometry showed that Tim-3 expression on T cell and Galectin-9 expression on monocytes in HPV positive cervical cancer patients were significantly higher compared to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and benign uterine fibroids Tim-3 + CD4+ Th1 cells and Tim-3 + CD8+ T cells in HPV positive cervical cancer patients were significantly reduced after surgery. Serum TGF-β and IL-10 levels were positively correlated with Tim-3 + Treg cells, while IFN-γ and IL-2 were negatively correlated with Tim-3 + Th1 cells. Additionally, Tim-3 + CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with Galectin-9 + monocytes. Survival curve analysis showed that Tim-3 + CD4+ T cells were negatively correlated with patient survival, and closely related to FIGO stage, degree of differentiation, and lymph node metastasis of HPV positive cervical cancer. In vitro experiments showed that by blocking the Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway, the proliferation of T cells and their ability to express IFN-γ, IL-2, perforin, and granzyme B was significantly restored. In conclusion, high levels of Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in HPV positive cervical cancer patients play roles in the progression of disease by promoting Treg cells to inhibit the cytotoxic function of Th1 and CD8+ T cells. Tim-3/Galectin-9 may serve as a new immunotherapy target for patients with HPV positive cervical cancer.
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