ArticlePharmaceutical research2021
Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution of Orally Administered Cyclosporine A-Loaded poly(ethylene oxide)-block-Poly(ε-caprolactone) Micelles versus Sandimmune
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Health and Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- Nanomaterials for targeted therapy of kidney diseases: Strategies and advances.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Generation of a selective senolytic platform using a micelle-encapsulated Sudan Black B conjugated analog.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Targeted therapy of kidney disease with nanoparticle drug delivery materials.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Recent Advances on PEO-PCL Block and Graft Copolymers as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Nanocrystallization Improves the Solubilization and Cytotoxic Effect of a Poly (ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase-I Inhibitor.Polymers · 2022Article
- Design and Development of D‒α‒Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate‒Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe have previously reported on a polymeric micellar formulation of Cyclosporine A (CyA) based on poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO
methodsThe in vitro CyA release and stability CyA-loaded PEO-b-PCL micelles (CyA-micelles) were evaluated in biorelevant media. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of orally administered CyA-micelles or Sandimmune® and tissue distribution of traceable Cyanine-5.5 (Cy5.5)-conjugated PEO-b-PCL micelles were then investigated in healthy rats.
resultsCyA-micelles showed around 60-70% CyA release in simulated intestinal and gastric fluids within 24 h, while Sandimmune® released its entire CyA content in the simulated intestinal fluid. CyA-micelles and Sandimmune® showed similar pharmacokinetics, but different tissue distribution profile in rats. In particular, the calculated AUC for CyA-micelles was higher in liver, comparable in heart, and lower in spleen, lungs, and kidneys when compared to that for Sandimmune®.
conclusionsThe results point to the influence of excipients in Sandimmune® on CyA disposition and more inert nature of PEO-b-PCL micelles in defining CyA biological interactions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.