ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2021
Divergent Whole Brain Projections from the Ventral Midbrain in Macaques.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Midbrain-Hippocampus Structural Connectivity Selectively Predicts Motivated Memory Encoding.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Trial
- Structure-function coupling in the human brainstem.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Orbitofrontal Cortex Underlies Consolidation of Pavlovian Anticipatory Arousal Responses in Macaque Monkeys.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- An interpretable framework for gastric cancer classification using multi-channel attention mechanisms and transfer learning approach on histopathology images.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Novel Method for the Locomotion Control of a Rat Robot via the Electrical Stimulation of the Ventral Tegmental Area and Nigrostriatal Pathway.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The Mesocortical System Encodes the Strength of Subsequent Force Generation.Neuroscience insights · 2024Article
- Human subcortical pathways automatically detect collision trajectory without attention and awareness.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Premovement activity in the mesocortical system links peak force but not initiation of force generation under incentive motivation.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Development, wiring and function of dopamine neuron subtypes.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
- D1- and D2-type dopamine receptors are immunolocalized in pial and layer I astrocytes in the rat cerebral cortex.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2023Article
- Hippocampal convergence during anticipatory midbrain activation promotes subsequent memory formation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Limited Pairings of Electrical Micro-stimulation of the Ventral Tegmental Area and a Visual Stimulus Enhance Visual Cortical Responses.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2022Article
- A reference tissue forward model for improved PET accuracy using within-scan displacement studies.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- A multisynaptic pathway from the ventral midbrain toward spinal motoneurons in monkeys.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
- Prediction errors disrupt hippocampal representations and update episodic memories.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The Development of the Mesoprefrontal Dopaminergic System in Health and Disease.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To understand the connectome of the axonal arborizations of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, we investigated the anterograde spread of highly sensitive viral tracers injected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and adjacent areas in 3 macaques. In 2 monkeys, injections were centered on the lateral VTA with some spread into the substantia nigra, while in one animal the injection targeted the medial VTA with partial spread into the ventro-medial thalamus. Double-labeling with antibodies against transduced fluorescent proteins (FPs) and tyrosine hydroxylase indicated that substantial portions of transduced midbrain neurons were dopaminergic. Interestingly, cortical terminals were found either homogeneously in molecular layer I, or more heterogeneously, sometimes forming patches, in the deeper laminae II-VI. In the animals with injections in lateral VTA, terminals were most dense in somatomotor cortex and the striatum. In contrast, when the medial VTA was transduced, dense terminals were found in dorsal prefrontal and temporal cortices, while projections to striatum were sparse. In all monkeys, orbitofrontal and occipito-parietal cortex received strong and weak innervation, respectively. Thus, the dopaminergic ventral midbrain sends heterogeneous projections throughout the brain. Furthermore, our results suggest the existence of subgroups in meso-dopaminergic neurons depending on their location in the primate ventral midbrain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.