Trial reportProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2021
Boosting immune response with GM-CSF optimizes primary cryotherapy outcomes in the treatment of prostate cancer: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cryoablation combined with immunotherapy: new strategies and progress in the treatment of tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Nanostrategies synergize with locoregional interventional therapies for boosting antitumor immunity.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Irreversible electroporation of localised prostate cancer downregulates immune suppression and induces systemic anti-tumour T-cell activation - IRE-IMMUNO study.BJU international · 2025Article
- CSF2 polarized neutrophils and invaded renal cancer cellsOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- Pre-exercise cryotherapy reduces myoglobin and creatine kinase levels after eccentric muscle stress in young women.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Advances in bio-immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Boosting the Immune Response-Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment.Cells · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe explored the association of prostate cryotherapy and immunomodulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) in the generation of detectable tumor-specific T- and B-cell responses in men with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND
methodsA randomized pilot study of patients assigned to either cryotherapy alone (Control group) or in combination with GMCSF (Treatment group). The impact of therapy on the development of T- and B-cell responses against tumor-related antigens was studied using enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot) and protein microarray panels (Sematrix) assays, respectively. Fold changes in response to treatment were calculated by normalization of post-treatment ELISpot values against the mean pre-cryoablation response. Student t tests between treatment and control groups at 4 weeks and 12 weeks across all the antigens were performed.
resultsA total of 20 patients were randomized to either control or treatment arm. At 4 weeks after cryotherapy, the treatment group demonstrated an average fold change in cancer antigen-related antibodies of 2.8% above their mean baseline values, whereas controls averaged an 18% change below mean baseline (p < 0.05). At 12 weeks, antibody response in treatment group increased to 25% above baseline, while the average of control group patients remained 9% below baseline (p < 0.05). Patients in treatment group displayed, on average, higher ELISPOT readings for the 4- and 12-week times points (527 vs 481 for PSA and 748 vs 562 for PAP).
conclusionsGMCSF appeared to broadly elevate antibodies against prostate-specific and nonspecific antigens. Prostate antigen-specific T-cell responses were more enhanced over non-prostate-specific responses, preferentially in the treatment group. Our findings suggest a possible therapeutic effect of adjuvant immunotherapy in association with cryotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.