ReviewModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2021
Four major patterns of placental injury: a stepwise guide for understanding and implementing the 2016 Amsterdam consensus.
Review in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Examining the association between placental malperfusion assessed by histopathological examination and child and adolescent neurodevelopment: a systematic review.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Pooled it
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and vascular malperfusion lesions in the placenta: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Pooled it
- Association between Endotype of Prematurity and Mortality: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Neonatology · 2023Pooled it
- Does maternal vitamin D status influence placental weight or vascular and inflammatory pathology? Secondary analysis from the Kellogg Pregnancy Study.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2023Trial
- Placental lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus: A retrospective histopathological study in a tertiary care center.Medicine · 2026Article
- Can placental histology reveal preexisting hypertension in patients who develop preeclampsia?Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Microplastics in the Female Genital Tract and Fetoplacental Continuum: A Lesion-Based Framework for Pathophysiological Interpretation.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Placental Pathology in preeclampsia and gestational hypertension; A comparative study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Atherogenic index of plasma predicts gestational diabetes mellitus and correlates with disease severity and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Placental histopathology and early childhood neurodevelopment in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Prenatal PFAS Exposure in a Twin Pregnancy Cohort: Associations with Thyroid Disruption, Placental Malperfusion, and Fetal Growth Restriction.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Placental Vascular Pathology Associated with Congenital Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Association of fetal inflammatory response with brain MRI findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- BRIDGING COTYLEDON PATHOLOGY AND PERFUSION IN HEALTHY PRIMATE PREGNANCY.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Placental pathology in gestational diabetes mellitus: Associations with neonatal outcomes and postpartum dysglycemia.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
- Maternal circulating sFlt-1/placental growth factor is a biomarker of fetal death associated with placental lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion.Journal of perinatal medicine · 2026Article
- Characterizing placental dysfunction with DNA methylation profiling and placental histopathology.Placenta · 2026Article
- Clinical and Molecular Differences of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- Pathologic abnormalities of deep placentation in the great obstetrical syndromes: Implications for understanding the pathophysiology, risk assessment in early pregnancy, and personalized prevention.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2026Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Amsterdam classification system defines four major patterns of placental injury, maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, acute chorioamnionitis, and villitis of unknown etiology, and lists the histologic findings that characterize each. However, there continues to be uncertainty regarding specific definitions, histologic mimics, grading and staging, and what combination of findings is required to diagnose each pattern of injury in a reproducible fashion. The purpose of this review is to clarify some of these issues by suggesting a stepwise approach to more fully realize the potential of this new classification system. In our view, the critical steps for correctly identifying and communicating each pattern of injury are (1) familiarity with the underlying pathophysiology and known clinical associations, (2) incorporation of important gross findings, (3) learning to recognize underlying architectural alterations and defining features at low power, (4) using higher magnification to narrow the differential diagnosis and assess severity (grading) and duration (staging), and (5) adopting a template for generating standardized placental reports that succinctly provide useful information for patient care and research applications.
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