ReviewInfection and immunity2021
I'm Infected, Eat Me! Innate Immunity Mediated by Live, Infected Cells Signaling To Be Phagocytosed.
Review in Infection and immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deciphering the Osteoimmune Landscape in Subtalar Arthrodesis: A Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Approach.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Characterizing host-microbe interactions with bacterial effector proteins using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID).Communications biology · 2025Review
- Lung macrophages in pulmonary homeostasis and disease: from basic biology to clinical applications.Central-European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Neurobrucellosis with negative serological examination: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Cell death by phagocytosis.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Baicalin inhibited PANX-1/P2Y6 signaling pathway activation in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells infected byHeliyon · 2024Article
- Pathways of MHC I cross-presentation of exogenous antigens.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Diverse roles of lung macrophages in the immune response to influenza A virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Altered sialidase expression in human myeloid cells undergoing apoptosis and differentiation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Immunomodulation as a Protective Strategy in Chronic Otitis Media.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The Phagocytic Code Regulating Phagocytosis of Mammalian Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Innate immunity against pathogens is known to be mediated by barriers to pathogen invasion, activation of complement, recruitment of immune cells, immune cell phagocytosis of pathogens, death of infected cells, and activation of the adaptive immunity via antigen presentation. Here, we propose and review evidence for a novel mode of innate immunity whereby live, infected host cells induce phagocytes to phagocytose the infected cell, thereby potentially reducing infection. We discuss evidence that host cells, infected by virus, bacteria, or other intracellular pathogens (i) release nucleotides and chemokines as find-me signals, (ii) expose on their surface phosphatidylserine and calreticulin as eat-me signals, (iii) release and bind opsonins to induce phagocytosis, and (iv) downregulate don't-eat-me signals CD47, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC1), and sialic acid. As long as the pathogens of the host cell are destroyed within the phagocyte, then infection can be curtailed; if antigens from the pathogens are cross-presented by the phagocyte, then an adaptive response would also be induced. Phagocytosis of live infected cells may thereby mediate innate immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.