ArticleParasites & vectors2021
The production of excretory-secretory molecules from Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri fourth stage larvae varies between mixed and single sex cultures.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hookworm genes encoding intestinal excreted-secreted proteins are transcriptionally upregulated in response to the host's immune system.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Characterization and ligand binding properties of a fatty acid- and retinol- binding protein (Hp-FAR-2) from Heligmosomoides polygyrus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A secreted fatty acid- and retinol- binding protein frombioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cytokines from parasites: manipulating host responses by molecular mimicry.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Clinical challenges and technological breakthroughs in helminthic therapy for diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Interaction between Intestinal Parasites and the Gut Microbiota: Implications for the Intestinal Immune Response and Host Defence.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- AdvancingPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- The Impact of Intestinal Inflammation on Nematode's Excretory-Secretory Proteome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Transcriptional patterns of sexual dimorphism and in host developmental programs in the model parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Importance of TGFβ in Cancer and Nematode Infection and Their Interaction-Opinion.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Excretory-secretory products from the brown stomach worm, Teladorsagia circumcincta, exert antimicrobial activity in in vitro growth assays.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Helminth Therapy for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Current and Future Perspectives.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Prospects of Using High-Throughput Proteomics to Underpin the Discovery of Animal Host-Nematode Interactions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundExcretory-secretory (ES) products are crucial in maintaining helminths in the host. Consequently, the proteins of ES are potential vaccine molecules and potential therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases. Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, a gastrointestinal parasite of mice, is a model of hookworm infection in humans. ES produced by both sexes of H. polygyrus bakeri L4 stage cultured separately shows different immunomodulatory properties than ES obtained when both sexes are cultured together. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify and compare the excretory-secretory molecules from single-sex and mixed cultures.
methodsThe composition of ES of male and female L4 stage nematodes in the presence (cultured together) or absence (cultured alone) of the opposite sex was examined. Proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. The functions of identified proteins were explored with Blast2GO.
resultsA total of 258 proteins derived from mixed larval culture in the presence of sex pheromones were identified, 160 proteins from pure female cultures and 172 from pure male cultures. Exposure of nematodes to the sex pheromones results in abundant production of proteins with immunomodulatory properties such as Val proteins, acetylcholinesterases, TGF-β mimic 9 and HpARI. Proteins found only in ES from mixed larval cultures were TGF-β mimics 6 and 7 as well as galectin.
conclusionsThe presence of the opposite sex strongly influences the composition of ES products, probably by chemical (pheromone) communication between individuals. However, examination of the composition of ES from various conditions gives an opportunity for searching for new potentially therapeutic compounds and anthelminthics as well as components of vaccines. Manipulation of the nematode environment might be important for the studies on the immunomodulatory potential of nematodes.
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