Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33557838›Full record

ArticleMicrobial cell factories2021

Biosurfactant from endophytic Bacillus pumilus 2A: physicochemical characterization, production and optimization and potential for plant growth promotion.

Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk, Piotr Drożdżyński, Arkadiusz Polewczyk, Wojciech Smułek, Tadeusz Antczak

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbial cell factories, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Bioactive Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using EndophyticPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Biosurfactant Produced byMicroorganisms · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  19. Article
  20. RhizosphericFrontiers in plant science · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Olga Marchut-MikołajczykInstitute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland. olga.marchut-mikolajczyk@p.lodz.pl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-3980
Piotr DrożdżyńskiInstitute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
Arkadiusz PolewczykInstitute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
Wojciech SmułekDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznań, Poland.
Tadeusz AntczakPolytechnic Faculty, Food Technology and Human Nutrition, State University of Applied Sciences, Nowy Świat 4 st., 62-800, Kalisz, Poland.
Lodz University of Technology · PLPoznań University of Technology · PLUniwersytet Kaliski im. Prezydenta Stanisława Wojciechowskiego · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicrobial surfactants called biosurfactants, thanks to their high biodegradability, low toxicity and stability can be used not only in bioremediation and oil processing, but also in the food and cosmetic industries, and even in medicine. However, the high production costs of microbial surfactants and low efficiency limit their large-scale production. This requires optimization of management conditions, including the possibility of using waste as a carbon source, such as food processing by-products. This papers describes the production and characterization of the biosurfactant obtained from the endophytic bacterial strain Bacillus pumilus 2A grown on various by-products of food processing and its potential applications in supporting plant growth. Four different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, inoculum concentration and temperature were optimized within Taguchi method.

resultsOptimization of bioprocess within Taguchi method and experimental analysis revealed that the optimal conditions for biosurfactant production were brewer's spent grain (5% w/v), ammonium nitrate (1% w/v), pH of 6, 5% of inoculum, and temperature at 30 °C, leading to 6.8 g/L of biosurfactant. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis produced biosurfactant was determined as glycolipid. Obtained biosurfactant has shown high and long term thermostability, surface tension of 47.7 mN/m, oil displacement of 8 cm and the emulsion index of 69.11%. The examined glycolipid, used in a concentration of 0.2% significantly enhanced growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Raphanus L. (radish), Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot).

conclusionsThe endophytic Bacillus pumilus 2A produce glycolipid biosurfactant with high and long tem thermostability, what makes it useful for many purposes including food processing. The use of brewer's spent grain as the sole carbon source makes the production of biosurfactants profitable, and from an environmental point of view, it is an environmentally friendly way to remove food processing by products. Glycolipid produced by endophytic Bacillus pumilus 2A significantly improve growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Raphanus L. (radish), Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot). Obtained results provide new insight to the possible use of glycolipids as plant growth promoting agents.

Indexed as

Bacillus pumilusEndophytesSurface-Active AgentsBeta vulgarisPhaseolusRaphanusSurface-Active AgentsBacillus pumilus 2ABiosurfactantEndophytesFood industry wastesOptimizationPlant-growth promotion

Identifiers

PMID33557838
PMCPMC7871564
OpenAlexW3128808896

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.