ArticleBMC women's health2021
Risk and protective factors associated with mental health among female military veterans: results from the veterans' health study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychotherapeutic, pharmacological and other active interventions from the NICE guideline for post-traumatic stress disorder with sleep disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- An Evidence Map of the Women Veterans' Health Literature, 2016 to 2023: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study identifies four pan-ancestry loci for suicidal ideation in the Million Veteran Program.PLoS genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Examining the protective effect of motherhood status on alcohol use: comparing outcomes of US Army Reserve and National Guard Soldiers and Civilian Women.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- New 10-Year Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score for Asian and American Indian Women Service Members.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Qualitative exploration of gambling harm among UK veterans: normalisation, stigma and postservice escalation.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Barriers to Gambling Treatment Among American Military Personnel: A Qualitative Study.Journal of gambling studies · 2025Article
- The Impact of Military Service on Social Determinants as Predictive Factors for Suicide among Female Veterans.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Navigating mental health risks among Australian military Veterans: Insights for general practice.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2025Article
- Veteran Single Parents: Surviving but Not Thriving.Rand health quarterly · 2024Article
- Career women's mental wellbeing in the era of population decline: the effects of working environment and family environment on the mental wellbeing.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research-workshop report.BMC proceedings · 2023Article
- A scoping review of military and Veteran families within international suicidality and suicide prevention research.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Recent and Frequent Mental Distress Among Women with a History of Military Service, 2003-2019.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2023Article
- The adaptation of soldiers to post-service life - the mediating impact of political views on the relationship between violence and adaptation.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Overview of Efforts to Increase Women Enrollment in the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program.Health equity · 2023Article
- Time in Service and Resilience in Active Military Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Peru.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Getting Connected: a Retrospective Cohort Investigation of Video-to-Home Telehealth for Mental Health Care Utilization Among Women Veterans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Acute influence of an adaptive sporting event on quality of life in veterans with disabilities.PloS one · 2022Article
- Impact and Risk of Moral Injury Among Deployed Veterans: Implications for Veterans and Mental Health.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study focuses on factors that may disproportionately affect female veterans' mental health, compared to men, and is part of a larger study assessing the prevalence of mental health disorders and treatment seeking among formerly deployed US military service members.
methodsWe surveyed a random sample of 1,730 veterans who were patients in a large non-VA hospital system in the US. Based on previous research, women were hypothesized to be at higher risk for psychological problems. We adjusted our results for confounding factors, including history of trauma, childhood abuse, combat exposure, deployments, stressful life events, alcohol misuse, psychological resources, and social support.
resultsAmong the veterans studied, 5% were female (n = 85), 96% were White (n = 1,161), 22.9% were Iraq/Afghanistan veterans (n = 398), and the mean age was 59 years old (SD = 12). Compared to males, female veterans were younger, unmarried, college graduates, had less combat exposure, but were more likely to have lifetime PTSD (29% vs. 12%.), depression (46% vs. 21%), suicidal ideation (27% vs. 11%), and lifetime mental health service use (67% vs. 47%). Females were also more likely to have low psychological resilience and to have used psychotropic medications in the past year. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses that controlled for risk and protective factors, female veterans had greater risk for lifetime PTSD, depression, suicidal thoughts, and for lifetime use of psychological services, compared to males. Since 95% of the population in this study were male and these results may have been statistically biased, we reran our analyses using propensity score matching. Results were consistent across these analyses.
conclusionUsing a sample of post-deployment veterans receiving healthcare services from a large non-VA health system, we find that female veterans are at greater risk for lifetime psychological problems, compared to male veterans. We discuss these findings and their implications for service providers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.