ArticleJournal of occupational health2021
The combined effect of long working hours and individual risk factors on cardiovascular disease: An interaction analysis.
Article in Journal of occupational health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Work-related factors among people with diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review.Journal of occupational health · 2021Pooled it
- Prolonged Overtime Predicts Worsening Burnout Among Healthcare Workers: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study in Taiwan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Injury rates and work-related diseases following workforce reduction among South Korean on-site workers in basic local governments between 2016 and 2018.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Occupational Health-A Priority for Middle-Income Countries?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Shiftwork Is Associated with Higher Food Insecurity in U.S. Workers: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study (NHANES).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Health and Economic Impact of Atrial Fibrillation of Workers in Italy: Social Security Benefits.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The combined effect of long working hours and individual risk factors on cardiovascular disease: An interaction analysis.Journal of occupational health · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular health and workload in university workers.Revista brasileira de medicina do trabalho : publicacao oficial da Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho-ANAMTArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe examined whether the effect of long working hours on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) differs depending on individual risk factors.
methodsSeven-year follow-up data were extracted from the 2009 to 2016 waves of the Korea Health Panel Survey. Physician's diagnosis or medication for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity were included as chronic disease status. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and exercise levels were considered as lifestyle behavior. Hazard ratios were calculated using the Cox regression models to evaluate the risk of CVD related to chronic diseases and unhealthy behavior, based on working hour groups, after adjusting for other covariates. The interactive effects of long working hours with or without chronic diseases and unhealthy behavior on CVD were assessed using the relative excess risk due to interaction and attributable proportion measures.
resultsThere was a statistically significant interaction between long working hours and chronic diseases within the population, especially among male participants (P-value for interaction <.01 and .03, respectively). There were no significant interactions between unhealthy behavior and long working hours.
conclusionsLong working hours and chronic disease have a synergistic negative effect on the risk of CVD.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.