ReviewAnnual review of immunology2021
Microglia and Central Nervous System-Associated Macrophages-From Origin to Disease Modulation.
Review in Annual review of immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 348 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
348 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 540 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury on Glial Cells in a Rat Model: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- MINocyclinE to Reduce inflammation and blood-brain barrier leakage in small Vessel diseAse (MINERVA): A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental medicine trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Trial
- CD11c + microglia: From basic research to clinical application.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Isolation of Brain Microglia to Study Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Viridicatin from the Antarctic FungusAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the effects of chronic stress and oxycodone associative learning on glial markers in rat hippocampus.Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Hypothalamic neurovascular and extracellular matrix remodeling: Cellular niche orchestration of immune-metabolic adaptation to nutritional stress.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Microglial Deubiquitinase OTUD7B Stabilizes STAT3 to Promote Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Microglial synaptic pruning in early Alzheimer's disease: emerging roles of the IL-1β-NLRP3 axis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Exacerbation of neuronal senescence after spinal cord injury: Role of the macrophage-derived transforming growth factor-β1-SMAD2 signaling axis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- SOX9 knockdown alleviates Aβ1‑42‑induced neuroinflammation by regulating microglial polarization via inactivation of the ASK1/JNK signaling pathway.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- iPSC-Derived Microglia-like Cells Exhibit Protocol-Dependent Transcriptomic Features and Robust Phagocytosis of Glioma Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Microglial Alkbh5 Deficiency Alleviates Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depression-like Behaviors in Mice.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Advances and applications of brain organoids in central nervous system disorders: Bridging the gap from laboratory to clinic.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Roles of Microglia in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
288 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system of the central nervous system (CNS) consists primarily of innate immune cells. These are highly specialized macrophages found either in the parenchyma, called microglia, or at the CNS interfaces, such as leptomeningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages. While they were primarily thought of as phagocytes, their function extends well beyond simple removal of cell debris during development and diseases. Brain-resident innate immune cells were found to be plastic, long-lived, and host to an outstanding number of risk genes for multiple pathologies. As a result, they are now considered the most suitable targets for modulating CNS diseases. Additionally, recent single-cell technologies enhanced our molecular understanding of their origins, fates, interactomes, and functional cell statesduring health and perturbation. Here, we review the current state of our understanding and challenges of the myeloid cell biology in the CNS and treatment options for related diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.