Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33553649›Full record

ArticleHepatoma research2021

Beta-catenin activation and immunotherapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and biomarkers.

Sandi A Kwee, Maarit Tiirikainen

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Hepatoma research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  7. Article
  8. Novel Therapeutics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Clinics in liver disease · 2025
    Review
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  13. Review
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  16. Oncogenic β-catenin stimulation of AKT2-CAD-mediated pyrimidine synthesis is targetable vulnerability in liver cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
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  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sandi A KweeCancer Biology Program (SAK) and Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (MT), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
Maarit TiirikainenCancer Biology Program (SAK) and Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (MT), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
Cancer Center of Hawaii · USUniversity of Hawaii System · US

Funding

University of Hawaii Cancer Center CCSGP30CA071789 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI GERTRAUD MASKARINEC · 1996 to 2026
$56.2M
RESEARCH DESIGN AND BIOSTATISTICS COREU54MD007584 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HEDGES, JERRIS ROBERT, MOKUAU, NOREEN · 2012 to 2018
$21.1M
Functional Genomics and Molecular Imaging of Liver Disease and CancerR01CA161209 · NCI · QUEEN'S MEDICAL CENTER · PI KWEE, SANDI ALEXANDER, OKIMOTO, GORDON SHOJI · 2011 to 2016
$2.2M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA071789NCI NIH HHS R01 CA161209NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD007584
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mutations involving CTNNB1, the gene encoding beta-catenin, and other molecular alterations that affect the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway are exceptionally common in hepatocellular carcinoma. Several of these alterations have also been associated with scarcity of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and poor clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. In light of these associations, tumor biomarkers of beta-catenin status could have the potential to serve as clinical predictors of immunotherapy outcome. This editorial review article summarizes recent pre-clinical and clinical research pertaining to associations between beta-catenin activation and diminished anti-tumor immunity. Potential non-invasive biomarkers that may provide a window into this oncogenic mechanism of immune evasion are also presented and discussed.

Indexed as

beta-cateninbiomarkersHepatocellular carcinomaimmune checkpointimmunotherapypositron emission tomography

Identifiers

PMID33553649
PMCPMC7861492
OpenAlexW3118806842

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.