ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2021
Soft Tunable Lenses Based on Zipping Electroactive Polymer Actuators.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional Nano-to-Microstructures by Jet Printing and Direct Ink Writing.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- 4D Printing of Magnetically Responsive Shape Memory Polymers: Toward Sustainable Solutions in Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Biomedical Devices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- A Shape-Adaptive, Performance-Programmable, Self-Healable and On-Demand Destructible Robotic Skin via Self-Strengthening Dynamic Silicone.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Research Progress in Electroactive Polymers for Soft Robotics and Artificial Muscle Applications.Polymers · 2025Review
- Low-voltage electrohydraulic actuators for untethered robotics.Science advances · 2024Article
- Soft Tunable Lenses Based on Zipping Electroactive Polymer Actuators.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- Electrically Tunable Lenses: A Review.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Compact and entirely soft optics with tunable and adaptive properties drive the development of life-like soft robotic systems. Yet, existing approaches are either slow, require rigid components, or use high operating voltages of several kilovolts. Here, soft focus-tunable lenses are introduced, which operate at practical voltages, cover a high range of adjustable focal lengths, and feature response times in the milliseconds range. The nature-inspired design comprises a liquid-filled elastomeric lens membrane, which is inflated by zipping electroactive polymers to tune the focal length. An analytic description of the tunable lens supports optimized designs and accurate prediction of the lens characteristics. Focal length changes between 22 and 550 mm (numerical aperture 0.14-0.005) within 260 ms, equal in performance to human eyes, are demonstrated for a lens with 3 mm aperture radius, while applying voltages below 500 V. The presented model, design rules, and fabrication methods address central challenges of soft electrostatic actuators and optical systems, and pave the way toward autonomous bio-inspired robots and machines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.