Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33552814›Full record

ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2021

Proceed with Caution: Mouse Deep Digit Flexor Tendon Injury Model.

Ashley L Titan, Evan Fahy, Kellen Chen, Deshka S Foster, Ross Bennett-Kennett, Reinhold H Dauskardt, Geoffrey C Gurtner, James Chang, Paige M Fox, Michael T Longaker

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 40% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ashley L TitanDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
Evan FahyHagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
Kellen ChenHagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
Deshka S FosterDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
Ross Bennett-KennettDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif.
Reinhold H DauskardtDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif.
Geoffrey C GurtnerDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
James ChangDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
Paige M FoxDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
Michael T LongakerDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
Palo Alto University · USCalifornia Institute for Regenerative Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using mouse models for translational study of flexor tendon repair and reconstruction.

methodsQuantitative data detailing the gross anatomy, biomechanical characteristics, and microscopic structure of the deep digit flexor tendon (DDF) of the mouse hindpaw were obtained. Histological characterization of the DDF and the anatomy of the digit in the mouse hindpaw are detailed. Biomechanical testing determined the load-to-failure, stress, elastic modulus, and the site of tendon failure.

resultsIn gross anatomy, the origins and insertions of the mouse deep digit flexor tendon are similar to those of the human digit, surrounded by a synovial sheath that is only 1- to 2-cells thick. A neurovascular network runs on each side of the digit outside the synovial sheath, but does not clearly penetrate it. The thickness of the DDF is 0.14 ± 0.03 mm and the width is 0.3 ± 0.03 mm. The thickness of the DDF is less than that of 9-0 nylon needle. The mean failure force of the deep flexor tendon was 2.79 ± 0.53N.

conclusionsThe gross anatomy of the mouse hindpaw digit is similar to that of the human digit except for key differences seen in the synovial sheath and vascular supply. The dimensions of the mouse DDF make it challenging to create a clinically translatable repair model using currently available surgical techniques. Despite the similarities between the human and mouse anatomy, and the powerful basic science tools available in murine models, mice are an unreliable model for assessing flexor tendon injury and repair.

Identifiers

PMID33552814
PMCPMC7859083
OpenAlexW3123984979

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.