ReviewChemical science2020
Power to the protein: enhancing and combining activities using the Spy toolbox.
Review in Chemical science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed.
- SpyTag-Embedded Protein Nanoparticles Enable pH-Dependent Protein Loading.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Catcher Domains as Multifunctional Fusion Modules for Soluble Expression, Covalent Coupling, and Spatial Organization of Recombinant Proteins.Small science · 2026Article
- Orthogonal Tri-Modular Coiled-Coil Assembly for Programmable Multi-Cargo Display on Escherichia coli Nissle 1917.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Co-Immobilization of SpyTag-Cyclized Enzymes on a γPFD-SpyCatcher Hydrogel to Address Broad Specificity.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genetically engineered lipases: advances in expression and upscaling for industrial applications.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- NanoBondy Reaction through NeissLock Anhydride Allows Covalent Immune Cell Decoration.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- Intelligence Disclosure on Deploying SpyTag/SpyCatcher for Nanoparticle Assembly.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Anti-MSLN chimeric antigen receptor-like NK cell therapy with tumor-penetrating capacity (uCAR-like NK) for solid tumors.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Advances in Proximity-Assisted Bioconjugation.Accounts of chemical research · 2025Review
- Synthesis of Chirally Chimeric Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines via Mirror-Image Spy Chemistry.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Platforms for studying cell-cell recognition by immune cells.Immunology and cell biology · 2025Review
- Development and Protective Efficacy of a Novel Nanoparticle Vaccine for Gammacoronavirus Avain Infectious Bronchitis Virus.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Exploiting SpyTag/SpyCatcher Technology to Design New Artificial Catalytic Copper Proteins.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Protein Degradation: An Emerging Therapeutics Technology.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Review
- Click biology highlights the opportunities from reliable biological reactions.Nature chemical biology · 2025Review
- ALS-ENABLE: creating synergy and opportunity at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron structural biology beamlines.Journal of synchrotron radiation · 2025Article
- Article
- Site-Directed Immobilization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Fluorescent labeling of proteins in vitro and in vivo using encoded peptide tags.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of CD13 and inflammatory factors in radiation enteritis: insights from high-throughput proteomics and Mendelian randomization analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proteins span an extraordinary range of shapes, sizes and functionalities. Therefore generic approaches are needed to overcome this diversity and stream-line protein analysis or application. Here we review SpyTag technology, now used in hundreds of publications or patents, and its potential for detecting and controlling protein behaviour. SpyTag forms a spontaneous and irreversible isopeptide bond upon binding its protein partner SpyCatcher, where both parts are genetically-encoded. New variants of this pair allow reaction at a rate approaching the diffusion limit, while reversible versions allow purification of SpyTagged proteins or tuned dynamic interaction inside cells. Anchoring of SpyTag-linked proteins has been established to diverse nanoparticles or surfaces, including gold, graphene and the air/water interface. SpyTag/SpyCatcher is mechanically stable, so is widely used for investigating protein folding and force sensitivity. A toolbox of scaffolds allows SpyTag-fusions to be assembled into defined multimers, from dimers to 180-mers, or unlimited 1D, 2D or 3D networks. Icosahedral multimers are being evaluated for vaccination against malaria, HIV and cancer. For enzymes, Spy technology has increased resilience, promoted substrate channelling, and assembled hydrogels for continuous flow biocatalysis. Combinatorial increase in functionality has been achieved through modular derivatisation of antibodies, light-emitting diodes or viral vectors. In living cells, SpyTag allowed imaging of protein trafficking, retargeting of CAR-T cell killing, investigation of heart contraction, and control of nucleosome position. The simple genetic encoding and rapid irreversible reaction provide diverse opportunities to enhance protein function. We describe limitations as well as future directions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.