Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33552398›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of cardiology2021

Frailty, sarcopenia and cachexia in heart failure patients: Different clinical entities of the same painting.

Matteo Beltrami, Carlo Fumagalli, Massimo Milli

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Are sarcopenia and its individual components linked to all-cause mortality in heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2025
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. The Dual Burden of Frailty and Heart Failure.International journal of heart failure · 2024
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia in heart failure.The journal of cardiovascular aging · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. The role of frailty in advanced HF and cardiac transplantation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Matteo BeltramiCardiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence 50142, Italy. beltrami.matteo1@gmail.com.
Carlo FumagalliCardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50139, Italy.
Massimo MilliCardiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence 50142, Italy.
Jackson and Tull (United States) · USAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart Failure (HF) in elderly patients is a systemic syndrome where advanced age, comorbidities with organ system deterioration, frailty and impaired cognition significantly impact outcome. Cardiac cachexia, sarcopenia and frailty despite overlap in definitions are different clinical entities that frequently coexist in HF patients. However, these co-factors often remain unaddressed, resulting in poor quality-of-life, prolonged physical disability and exercise intolerance and finally with higher rehospitalization rates and mortality. Strategy aim to increase muscle mass and muscle strength and delay the occurrence of frailty state appear essential in this regard. Common HF drugs therapy (b-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and prescription of physical exercise program remain the cornerstone of therapeutic approach in HF patients with new promising data regarding nutritional supplementation. However, the treatment of all these conditions still remain debated and only a profound knowledge of the specific mechanisms and patterns of disease progression will allow to use the appropriate therapy in a given clinical setting. For all these reasons we briefly review current knowledge on frailty, sarcopenia and cachexia in HF patients with the attempt to define clinically significant degrees of multiorgan dysfunction, specific "red alert" thresholds in clinical practice and therapeutic approach.

Indexed as

CachexiaComorbiditiesFrailtyHeart failureSarcopeniaTerapheutic implication

Identifiers

PMID33552398
PMCPMC7821009
OpenAlexW3123116045

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.