ReviewFrontiers in plant science2020
Fragmentary Blue: Resolving the Rarity Paradox in Flower Colors.
Review in Frontiers in plant science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Colour preference and foraging constancy in the Asian giant honeybee Apis dorsata.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- Heat drastically alters floral color and pigment composition without affecting flower conspicuousness.American journal of botany · 2026Article
- Polyacylated Delphinidin Biosynthesis Catalysed by PhF3'5'H-PhBGLU12-PhSCPL2 Determines the Blue Pigmentation in Cineraria (Pericallis hybrida).Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Reproductive status modulates colour preference and multimodal cue integration in host plant location by butterflies.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- Bees, flowers and UV.Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) · 2025Review
- Precise pigment biosynthesis for flower color design inHorticulture research · 2025Article
- Floral Color and Family Drive Contrasting Plant-Pollinator Responses to Nutrient Enrichment.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Green flowers need yellow to get noticed in a green world.Annals of botany · 2025Article
- It's not easy being green. A commentary on 'Green flowers need yellow to get noticed in a green world'.Annals of botany · 2025Article
- The road less taken: Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase inactivation and delphinidin anthocyanin loss underpins a natural intraspecific flower colour variation.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Transcontinental patterns in floral pigment abundance among animal-pollinated species.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Forb diversity globally is harmed by nutrient enrichment but can be rescued by large mammalian herbivory.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Bubble-Wall Plot as a Dynamic Analytical Processing Visualization Tool for Developing Visual Warning Systems: a Case Study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Reproductive strategies of two color morphs ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- The evolution of flavonoid biosynthesis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Flower reflectance and floral traits data from Ökologisch-Botanischer Garten (OBG), Germany.Data in brief · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Flower colour and size-signals vary with altitude and resulting climate on the tropical-subtropical islands of Taiwan.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blue is a favored color of many humans. While blue skies and oceans are a common visual experience, this color is less frequently observed in flowers. We first review how blue has been important in human culture, and thus how our perception of blue has likely influenced the way of scientifically evaluating signals produced in nature, including approaches as disparate as Goethe's Farbenlehre, Linneaus' plant taxonomy, and current studies of plant-pollinator networks. We discuss the fact that most animals, however, have different vision to humans; for example, bee pollinators have trichromatic vision based on UV-, Blue-, and Green-sensitive photoreceptors with innate preferences for predominantly short-wavelength reflecting colors, including what we perceive as blue. The subsequent evolution of blue flowers may be driven by increased competition for pollinators, both because of a harsher environment (as at high altitude) or from high diversity and density of flowering plants (as in nutrient-rich meadows). The adaptive value of blue flowers should also be reinforced by nutrient richness or other factors, abiotic and biotic, that may reduce extra costs of blue-pigments synthesis. We thus provide new perspectives emphasizing that, while humans view blue as a less frequently evolved color in nature, to understand signaling, it is essential to employ models of biologically relevant observers. By doing so, we conclude that short wavelength reflecting blue flowers are indeed frequent in nature when considering the color vision and preferences of bees.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.