ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Understanding Early-Life Adaptive Immunity to Guide Interventions for Pediatric Health.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- RSV prophylactics for pediatric populations: A product review and meta-analysis of real-world effectiveness.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotic supplementation is associated with higher faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) in healthy full-term infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Reshaping study design for faster extrapolation-based drug approval in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: An ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN position paper.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and their link to childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Immunization with mRNA-LNP Elicits De Novo IgG Responses in the Presence of Maternal Antibody.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Maternal Influenza Vaccine Reduces the Risk of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Related Respiratory Hospitalizations in Early Infancy: An Epidemiological Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Temporary mycophenolate discontinuation and reintroduction in pediatric kidney transplantation: predictors and long-term outcomes.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota alterations in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit extremely preterm infants: a Chinese tertiary center study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Deep learning representations of human Immune Health for precision immunology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Vaccine Responses in Early Age.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Distinct transcription factors control tissue adaptation and effector function in infant and adult memory T cells.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Age-dependent expression and antiviral activity of interferon epsilon in respiratory epithelium.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Maternal trans-vaccenic acid shapes neonatal T cell development and early-life immune imprinting.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Population-specific heterogeneity in ontogeny of the broadly-conserved blood transcriptional program during the first week of life.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bacterial-Derived Immunomodulators as a Preventive Strategy for Viral Respiratory Tract Infections and Associated Wheezing or Asthma in Children: A Targeted Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Baseline immune status associates respiratory viral infection in preterm infants: A prospective cohort study.Medicine · 2026Article
- A Three-Gene Interferon Signature Predicts Sustained Complete Remission in Pediatric AML Patients.Cancers · 2026Article
- Pediatric Sepsis: Evolving Subphenotypes, Overlap Syndromes, and the Path to Precision Therapies.Clinics in chest medicine · 2026Review
- [Lipid metabolomics-based biomarker analysis of neonatal sepsis in serum and cerebrospinal fluid].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2026Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infants are capable of mounting adaptive immune responses, but their ability to develop long-lasting immunity is limited. Understanding the particularities of the neonatal adaptive immune system is therefore critical to guide the design of immune-based interventions, including vaccines, in early life. In this review, we present a thorough summary of T cell, B cell, and humoral immunity in early life and discuss infant adaptive immune responses to pathogens and vaccines. We focus on the differences between T and B cell responses in early life and adulthood, which hinder the generation of long-lasting adaptive immune responses in infancy. We discuss how knowledge of early life adaptive immunity can be applied when developing vaccine strategies for this unique period of immune development. In particular, we emphasize the use of novel vaccine adjuvants and optimization of infant vaccine schedules. We also propose integrating maternal and infant immunization strategies to ensure optimal neonatal protection through passive maternal antibody transfer while avoiding hindering infant vaccine responses. Our review highlights that the infant adaptive immune system is functionally distinct and uniquely regulated compared to later life and that these particularities should be considered when designing interventions to promote pediatric health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.