Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33551713›Full record

ArticleTobacco induced diseases2021

Smoking and risk of negative outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adinat Umnuaypornlert, Sukrit Kanchanasurakit, Don Eliseo Iii Lucero-Prisno, Surasak Saokaew

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The role of smoking in COVID-19 progression: a comprehensive meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023
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  16. Risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in Jamaica: a cross-sectional study of national surveillance data.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2024
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  19. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023
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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Adinat UmnuaypornlertSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
Sukrit KanchanasurakitSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
Don Eliseo Iii Lucero-PrisnoDepartment of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Surasak SaokaewSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
University of Phayao · THLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBMonash University Malaysia · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCOVID-19 has major effects on the clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes among patients, producing severe symptoms and death. Smoking has been reported as one of the factors that increases severity and mortality rate among COVID-19 patients. However, the effect of smoking on such medical outcomes is still controversial. This study conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA) on the association between smoking and negative outcomes among COVID-19 patients.

methodsElectronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, were systematically searched from the initiation of the database until 12 December 2020. All relevant studies about smoking and COVID-19 were screened using a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of eligible articles. Random meta-analyses were conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs). Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot, Begg's test and Egger's test.

resultsA total of 1248 studies were retrieved and reviewed. A total of 40 studies were finally included for meta-analysis. Both current smoking and former smoking significantly increase the risk of disease severity (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.16-2.15, p=0.004; and OR=2.48; 95% CI: 1.64-3.77, p<0.001; respectively) with moderate appearance of heterogeneity. Similarly, current smoking and former smoking also significantly increase the risk of death (OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.12-1.62, p=0.002; and OR=2.58; 95% CI: 2.15-3.09, p<0.001; respectively) with moderate appearance of heterogeneity. There was no evidence of publication bias, which was tested by the funnel plot, Begg's test and Egger's test.

conclusionsSmoking, even current smoking or former smoking, significantly increases the risk of COVID-19 severity and death. Further causational studies on this association and ascertianing the underlying mechanisms of this relation is warranted.

Indexed as

coronavirusCOVID-19deathdisease severitysmoking

Identifiers

PMID33551713
PMCPMC7857247
OpenAlexW3105736810

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.