ArticleAnnals of Saudi medicine
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine-related complications in children in Oman.
Article in Annals of Saudi medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of BCGosis following BCG vaccination in infants: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic and immunologic determinants of BCG disease: from mechanism to prevention.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Analysis of three cases of disseminated BCG infection in infants after BCG vaccination in Beijing, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Toward universal screening for disease-causing alleles: Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease as a model.Journal of human immunity · 2025Review
- Disseminated BCG infection and rotavirus enteritis in an infant with severe immunodeficiency: a causal association study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Complications of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine as an early warning sign of inborn errors of immunity: a report of 197 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of BCG Disease in Chinese Children: a Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- The Spectrum of Inborn Errors of Immunity in the United Arab Emirates: 5 Year Experience in a Tertiary Center.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The role of surgical management of BCG vaccine-induced regional suppurative lymphadenitis in children: a 7 years' experience from one medical center.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-related complications are frequently observed in children in Oman. There are a few regional studies on BCG complications, but none from Oman.
objectiveEvaluate the spectrum of BCG-vaccine related complications and immune status in Omani children.
designRetrospective cross-sectional study.
settingReferral tertiary hospital.
methodsChildren aged younger than 13 years old and with complications of BCG vaccination recorded from 2006-2018 were included in this study. Clinical characteristics, treatment, immune workup and outcome were reviewed from hospital records.
main outcome measuresDifferent BCG vaccine-related complications categorized by the site of involvement. SAMPLE SIZE: 226.
resultsOf the 226 children had BCG-vaccine related complications, 99% received BCG vaccine immediately after birth. The median age of presentation was 4 months. The most common complication was isolated BCG lymphadenitis (85%, n=192), followed by BCG-related osteomyelitis (10.2%, n=23) and disseminated BCG infection (4.9%, n=11). The median age of presentation of disseminated BCG was 5 months, with different organs involved. Out of 11 children with disseminated BCG infection, 72.7% (n=8) had primary immune deficiency (PID), including chronic granulomatous disease (CGD, n=5), severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (n=2); 1 patient had Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (IFNGR2 deficiency); 2 patients with PID not yet identified and the 1 with a non-specific PID had blood or saliva samples sent for whole-exome sequencing.
conclusionBecause of the spectrum of BCG vaccine-related complications, including the most severe in children with PID, we suggest that delaying the BCG vaccine from birth to 6 months may prevent disseminated BCG diseases and their complications in children with PID because any PID will have been identified before 6 months. Further studies are needed to guide this recommendation. LIMITATIONS: Single center-based study that may not provide a full overview of all BCG vaccine-related complications in Oman. Unavailability of details of some microbiological results and an inability to determine the detailed management for all patients. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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