Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33550441›Full record

ReviewDiabetologia2021

Realising the long-term promise of insulin therapy: the DCCT/EDIC study.

David M Nathan

Open access · bronzeAbstract readHistorical ArticleReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Impact of a food supplement containingFrontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Allogeneic Islet Transplantation: Chronicle of a Death Foretold?Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Update: the role of epigenetics in the metabolic memory of diabetic complications.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2024
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

David M NathanDiabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. dnathan@mgh.harvard.edu.
Massachusetts General Hospital · US

Funding

Limited Competition for the Continuation of Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Clinical Research Center (Collaborative U01)U01DK094157 · NIDDK · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI Ionut Bebu, Barbara Halina Braffett · 2011 to 2026
$97.6M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The introduction of insulin in the treatment of juvenile-onset, now type 1, diabetes mellitus transformed a rapidly fatal disease into a chronic degenerative one. During the insulin-treatment era, long-term microvascular and cardiovascular complications proved to be the bane of existence for people with type 1 diabetes, leading to blindness, kidney failure, amputations, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality. The nascent understanding of the link between non-physiologically regulated glucose levels and these complications led to the development of new treatment tools in the 1970s and 1980s that facilitated the delivery of insulin to achieve glucose levels closer to non-diabetic levels. These therapeutic advances set the stage for definitive testing of the glucose hypothesis. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), supported by the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), definitively established the benefits and risks of intensive therapy that substantially lowered mean blood glucose levels, measured by HbA

Indexed as

Clinical Trials as TopicDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes MellitusFollow-Up StudiesHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansInsulinNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U.S.)National Institutes of Health (U.S.)United StatesInsulinControl and complicationsHbA1c and complicationsHypoglycaemiaIntensive therapyLong-term diabetic complicationsMetabolic memoryReviewType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33550441
OpenAlexW3127523362

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.