ArticleBMJ open2021
Are adverse childhood experiences associated with late-life cognitive performance across racial/ethnic groups: results from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive impairment and dementia-Are they linked to childhood health and socioeconomic status? A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The association of adverse childhood experiences and life course relationship quality with late-life cognitive health: Moderation by race/ethnicity and gender.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cognitive Health in Older Adults: Rush Memory and Aging Project.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Open science, education, and practice · 2026Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Life Course Adversity Related to Geriatric Syndromes: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Associations of war-related exposures and early life adversity with late-life cognition.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Childhood adversity and self-rated health disparities by citizenship in middle-aged-and-older Latino adults in California.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Positive Childhood Experiences, Cognition, and Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Childhood Adversity on Late-Life Cognition in Older Puerto Rican Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Childhood adversity and late-life cognitive and brain health in a diverse cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Allostasis, health, and development in Latin America.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Bullying Victimization and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Retrospective Reports of Relative Impact on Emotional Distress.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2024Article
- Mechanisms underlying the association between adverse childhood experiences and racial disparities in later-life cognition.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Childhood and Adulthood Trauma Associate With Cognitive Aging Among Black and White Older Adults.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2024Article
- Time-lagged associations between two adverse childhood experiences and later-life cognitive function through educational attainment and stroke.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- No Association Found: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cognitive Impairment in Older Australian Adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Article
- Exposure to Adversity and its Impact on Later Life Cognitive, Mental, and Physical Health.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and cognitive function in later life: the sequential mediating roles of education level and adult loneliness.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Are adverse childhood experiences associated with trajectories of healthy aging? Evidence from China.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Life-Course Brain Health as a Determinant of Late-Life Mental Health: American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry Expert Panel Recommendations.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesEvidence on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and late-life cognitive outcomes is inconsistent, with little research among diverse racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether ACE exposures were associated with worse late-life cognition for all racial/ethnic groups and at different ages of exposure.
designCovariate-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models estimated associations of: (1) total number of ACEs experienced, (2) earliest age when ACE occurred and (3) type of ACE with overall cognition.
settingKaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 65 years and older, living in Northern California.
participantsKaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline participants, aged 65 years and older (n=1661; including 403 Asian-American, 338 Latino, 427 Black and 493 white participants).
resultsMost respondents (69%) reported one or more ACE, most frequently family illness (36%), domestic violence (23%) and parental divorce (22%). ACE count was not adversely associated with cognition overall (β=0.01; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03), in any racial/ethnic group or for any age category of exposure. Pooling across all race/ethnicities, parent's remarriage (β=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20 to -0.03), mother's death (β=-0.18; 95% CI -0.30 to -0.07) and father's death (β=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20 to -0.01) were associated with worse cognition.
conclusionAdverse childhood exposures overall were not associated with worse cognition in older adults in a diverse sample, although three ACEs were associated with worse cognitive outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.