Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33550165›Full record

ArticleCytokine2021

Interleukin-6, procalcitonin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: Potential immune-inflammatory parameters to identify severe and fatal forms of COVID-19.

Wafa Sayah, Ismahane Berkane, Imène Guermache, Mohamed Sabri, Fatma Zahra Lakhal, Sarah Yasmine Rahali, Asma Djidjeli, Lydia Lamara Mahammed, Fatma Merah, Brahim Belaid and 15 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cytokine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Effect of high-doseFrontiers in immunology · 2024
    Trial
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  8. Overexpression ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Wafa SayahImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Ismahane BerkaneImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Imène GuermacheImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Mohamed SabriImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Fatma Zahra LakhalImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Sarah Yasmine RahaliImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Asma DjidjeliImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Lydia Lamara MahammedImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Fatma MerahImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Brahim BelaidImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Lilya BerkaniImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Nouzha Zhor LazliImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Lylia KheddouciImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Ahmed KadiPneumology Department A, Béni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Mourad OualiIntensive Care Department Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Rachida KhellafiPneumology Department B, Béni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Dalila MekidechePneumology Department C, Béni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Assia KheliouenPneumology Department A, Béni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Réda Malek HamidiIntensive Care Department Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Soraya AyoubInternal Medicine Department Beni-Messous, Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Nabil Beramtane RaafBiology Department, Birtraria Hospital, Algiers, Algeria.
Fawzi DerrarVirology Department, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Algiers, Algeria.
Merzak GharnaoutPneumology Department, Rouiba Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Ines AllamImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria.
Réda DjidjikImmunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, University of Algiers 1, Algeria. Electronic address: ourtilane@yahoo.fr.
University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda · DZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Accumulating evidence supports that the viral-induced hyper-inflammatory immune response plays a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. It might be involved in the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure leading to death. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the immune-inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19, then determine optimal thresholds for assessing severe and fatal forms of this disease.153 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study, and classified into non-severe and severe groups. Plasmatic levels of interleukin 6 (IL6), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble-IL2 receptor (IL2Rα), procalcitonin (PCT) and ferritin were measured using chemiluminescence assay. Complete blood count was performed by Convergys 3X® hematology analyzer. Our results demonstrated that the peripheral blood levels of IL6, PCT, CRP, ferritin, IL2Rα, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR) were significantly higher in severe forms of COVID-19. The ROC curve analysis showed that IL6 was the most accurate inflammatory biomarker. The calculated cutoff of IL6 (42 pg/ml) could correctly classify > 90% of patients regarding their risk of severity (area under ROC curve (AUROC) = 0.972) and the threshold value of 83 pg/ml was highly predictive of the progression to death (AUROC = 0.94, OR = 184) after a median of 3 days. Besides, IL-6 was positively correlated with other inflammatory markers and the kinetic analysis highlighted its value for monitoring COVID-19 patients. PCT and NLR had also a high prognostic relevance to assess severe forms of COVID-19 with corresponding AUROC of 0.856, 0.831 respectively. Furthermore the cut-off values of PCT (0.16 ng/ml) and NLR (7.4) allowed to predict mortality with high accuracy (se = 96.3%, sp = 70.5%,OR = 61.2)' (se = 75%, sp = 84%, OR = 14.6).The levels of these parameters were not influenced by corticosteroid treatment, which make them potential prognostic markers when patients are already undergoing steroid therapy.

Indexed as

PandemicsSARS-CoV-2AdolescentAdrenal Cortex HormonesAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAlgeriaBiomarkersCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentC-Reactive ProteinFemaleFerritinsHumansInflammation MediatorsAdrenal Cortex HormonesBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinFerritinsIL2RA protein, humanIL6 protein, humanInflammation MediatorsInterleukin-2 Receptor alpha SubunitInterleukin-6ProcalcitoninCOVID-19Cytokine stormIL6Inflammatory biomarkerNLRProcalcitonin

Identifiers

PMID33550165
PMCPMC7834734
OpenAlexW3119153085

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.