ArticleJournal of critical care2021
Associations between urinary 3-indoxyl sulfate, a gut microbiome-derived biomarker, and patient outcomes after intensive care unit admission.
Article in Journal of critical care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiome changes in critically ill adults: a systematic review of longitudinal sequencing studies.Critical care science · 2026Pooled it
- Gut‑brain axis in anesthesia and critical illness: Molecular crosstalk and its impact on delirium and outcome (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Integrating intestinal microbiome and urinary metabolome data to predict secondary infection in critically ill patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Serum Metabolomics Reveals Potential Differences in Gut Microbiota-Associated Metabolites in Twins Discordant for Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Concentrations of uremic bacterial metabolites in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Full Validation and Application to Clinical Research of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Assessment of Urinary 3-Indoxyl Sulfate in Pediatric Patients with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.Methods and protocols · 2024Article
- Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analytical Methods for the Quantitation ofPharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Altered urinary tryptophan metabolites in alcohol-associated liver disease.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Lower gut dysbiosis and mortality in acute critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purpose3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS) is an indole metabolism byproduct produced by commensal gut bacteria and excreted in the urine; low urinary 3-IS has been associated with increased mortality in bone marrow transplant recipients. This study investigated urinary 3-IS and patient outcomes in the ICU. MATERIALS AND
methodsProspective study that collected urine samples, rectal swabs, and clinical data on 78 adult ICU patients at admission and again 72 h later. Urine was analyzed for 3-IS by mass spectrometry.
resultsMedian urinary 3-IS levels were 17.1 μmol/mmol creatinine (IQR 9.5 to 26.2) at admission and 15.6 (IQR 4.2 to 30.7) 72 h later. 22% of patients had low 3-IS (≤6.9 μmol/mmol) on ICU admission and 28% after 72 h. Low 3-IS at 72 h was associated with fewer ICU-free days (22.5 low versus 26 high, p = 0.03) and with death during one year of follow-up (36% low versus 9% high 3-IS, p < 0.01); there was no detectable difference in 30-day mortality (18% low versus 5% high, p = 0.07).
conclusionsLow urinary 3-IS level 72 h after ICU admission was associated with fewer ICU-free days and with increased one-year but not 30-day mortality. Further studies should investigate urinary 3-IS as an ICU biomarker.
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Registered trials
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