Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33549739›Full record

ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2021

The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder.

Stephen V Faraone, Tobias Banaschewski, David Coghill, Yi Zheng, Joseph Biederman, Mark A Bellgrove, Jeffrey H Newcorn, Martin Gignac, Nouf M Al Saud, Iris Manor and 70 more

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readNetwork Meta-AnalysisReviewConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 624 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
624citing papers in PubMed, 17 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06810180 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Examination of the Dynamic Relationships of Sleep, Physical Activity, and Circadian Rhythmicity With Neurobehavioral Heterogeneity in ADHD

TypeinterventionalSponsorHugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.Ran2025 to 2031Enrolled200ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Sleep, Physical ActivityArmsGo/No-Go Task, Delay discounting task, Mirror Tracing Persistence Task, Spatial Span, Stop Signal Task
NCT07121621 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

PHArmaCokinetics of methYLphenidate in Adult Patients With Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder: Comparison Between Patients With and Without OBesity

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospital, ToursRan2025 to 2026Enrolled30ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Obesity (Body Mass Index &Amp, Amp, gtArmsPHArmacoKinetics of methYLphenidate in adult patients with ADHD: comparison between patients with and without OBesity.
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

624 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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564 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

80 authors.

Stephen V FaraoneDepartments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry Research Division, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland; American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA. Electronic address: sfaraone@childpsychresearch.org.
Tobias BanaschewskiDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist's Representative, Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany; The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany.
David CoghillDepartments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Yi ZhengBeijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China.
Joseph BiedermanClinical & Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology & Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Mark A BellgroveTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia.
Jeffrey H NewcornAmerican Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Division of ADHD and Learning Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Martin GignacDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, MUHC, Montreal, Canada; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada.
Nouf M Al SaudSaudi ADHD Society, Saudi Arabia.
Iris ManorChair, Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel; Co-chair of the neurodevelopmental section in EPA (the European Psychiatric Association), France.
Luis Augusto RohdeDepartment of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Li YangAsian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
Samuele CorteseCenter for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Doron AlmagorUniversity of Toronto, SickKids Centre for Community Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada.
Mark A SteinUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
Turki H AlbattiSaudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia.
Haya F AljoudiKing Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Saudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed M J AlqahtaniClinical Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Saudi ADHD Society, Saudi Arabia.
Philip AshersonSocial Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Lukoye AtwoliDepartment of Mental Health and Behavioural Science, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, the Aga Khan University, Kenya; African College of Psychopharmacology, Kenya; African Association of Psychiatrists, Kenya.
Sven BölteCenter of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Healthcare Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Jan K BuitelaarDepartment of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Cleo L CrunelleVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Dept. of Psychiatry, Brussel, Belgium; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
David DaleyDivision of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR MindTech Mental Health MedTech Cooperative & Centre for ADHD and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (CANDAL), Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Søren DalsgaardNational Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
Manfred DöpfnerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany.
Stacey EspinetCanadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA), Canada.
Michael FitzgeraldTrinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Barbara FrankeDepartments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Professional Board, ADHD Europe, Belgium.
Manfred GerlachDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. Electronic address: manfred.gerlach@uni-wuerzburg.de.
Jan HaavikDepartment of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Catharina A HartmanUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands; ADHD Across the Lifespan Network from European College of Neuropsychopharmacology(ECNP), the Netherlands.
Cynthia M HartungDepartment of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
Stephen P HinshawUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Pieter J HoekstraUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Chris HollisHassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK; NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Scott H KollinsDuke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
J J Sandra KooijAmsterdam University Medical Center (VUMc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; PsyQ, The Hague, the Netherlands; European Network Adult ADHD, the Netherlands; DIVA Foundation, the Netherlands; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France.
Jonna KuntsiSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Henrik LarssonSchool of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Tingyu LiGrowth, Development and Mental Health Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Research Center for Clinical Medicine of Child Health and Disease, Chongqing, China; The Subspecialty Group of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association, China.
Jing LiuAsian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China; The Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China; The Asian Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, China.
Eugene MerzonDepartment of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel; Israeli Society of ADHD, Israel; Israeli National Diabetes Council, Israel.
Gregory MattinglyWashington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Midwest Research Group, St Charles, MO, USA.
Paulo MattosFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brazilian Attention Deficit Association (ABDA), Brazil.
Suzanne McCarthySchool of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Amori Yee MikamiUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Brooke S G MolinaDepartments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Pediatrics, Clinical & Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Joel T NiggCenter for ADHD Research, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Diane Purper-OuakilUniversity of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier Saint Eloi, MPEA, Medical and Psychological Unit for Children and Adolescents (MPEA), Montpellier, France; INSERM U 1018 CESP-Developmental Psychiatry, France.
Olayinka O OmigbodunCentre for Child & Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Guilherme V PolanczykFaculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Yehuda PollakSeymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel.
Alison S PoultonBrain Mind Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia.
Ravi Philip RajkumarJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
Andrew RedingUSA.
Andreas ReifDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Psychiatric Association, Germany.
Katya RubiaWorld Federation of ADHD, Switzerland; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK; European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS), Germany.
Julia RucklidgeSchool of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Marcel RomanosDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany; Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany.
J Antoni Ramos-QuirogaDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), the Netherlands; DIVA Foundation, the Netherlands.
Arnt SchellekensRadboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Anouk ScheresBehavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Renata SchoemanUniversity of Stellenbosch Business School, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Special Interest Group for Adult ADHD, South Africa; The South African Society of Psychiatrists/Psychiatry Management Group Management Guidelines for ADHD, South Africa; World Federation of Biological Psychiatry, Germany; American Psychiatric Association, USA; Association for NeuroPsychoEconomics, USA.
Julie B SchweitzerDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Henal ShahTopiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, India.
Mary V SolantoThe Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Northwell Health, Hemstead, NY, USA; Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD), USA; American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; National Center for Children with Learning Disabilities (NCLD), USA.
Edmund Sonuga-BarkeDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
César SoutulloAmerican Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS), Germany; Louis A. Faillace MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Hans-Christoph SteinhausenUniversity of Zurich, CH, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH, Switzerland; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
James M SwansonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Anita ThaparDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, UK.
Gail TrippHuman Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
Geurt van de GlindHogeschool van Utrecht/University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Wim van den BrinkAmsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Saskia Van der OordPsychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European ADHD Guidelines Group, Germany.
Andre VenterUniversity of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Benedetto VitielloUniversity of Torino, Torino, Italy; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Susanne WalitzaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Yufeng WangAsian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.

Funding

Recruitment and Assessment CoreP50HD093074 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Geraldine Dawson · 2017 to 2026
$27.6M
Developmental Changes in Neural Processes Underlying Inattention, Impulsivity and RegulationR01MH091068 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI SCHWEITZER, JULIE B. · 2012 to 2022
$7.4M
ADHD heterogeneity, mechanisms, and risk profileR37MH059105 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI NIGG, JOEL T · 2014 to 2023
$7.0M
UC Davis CTSC TL1 Administrative Supplement to Recognize Excellence in Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility MentorshipTL1TR001861 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI MEDICI, VALENTINA · 2016 to 2025
$4.7M
Longitudinal Family/Molecular Genetic Study to Validate Research Domain CriteriaR01MH101519 · NIMH · UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY · PI FARAONE, STEPHEN V, GLATT, STEPHEN J · 2014 to 2018
$3.5M
3/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding actionable variationU01MH109536 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI CHARNEY, ALEXANDER W, HUCKINS, LAURA MARIANNE · 2016 to 2020
$2.7M
Air-pollution risk for Autism and ADHD - cross-disorder insights and genetic liabilityR01ES026993 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE · PI KALKBRENNER, AMY E, SCHENDEL, DIANA · 2017 to 2021
$2.4M
Quantifying the attentional templateR01MH113855 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI GENG, JOY JIA · 2018 to 2022
$1.9M
Virtual Reality Attention Management Program for Improving Attention in ChildrenR61MH110043 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI SCHWEITZER, JULIE B. · 2017 to 2018
$1.1M
Feasibility of Shaping Tolerance for Delayed Rewards in Impulsive 3-5 year oldsR03HD087091 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI SCHWEITZER, JULIE B. · 2016 to 2017
$157k
Medical Research Council MR/P012647/1NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR001861NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD093074NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD087091NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES026993NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH091068NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101519NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113855NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH059105NIMH NIH HHS R61 MH110043NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109536Wellcome Trust 204895/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMisconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.

methodsWe reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.

resultsWe generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.

conclusionsMany findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityHumansMeta-Analysis as TopicPublication BiasADHDBrainCourseDiagnosisGeneticsOutcomeTreatment

Identifiers

PMID33549739
PMCPMC8328933

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.