Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33549569›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2021

Endotyping chronic rhinosinusitis based on olfactory cleft mucus biomarkers.

Zachary M Soler, Rodney J Schlosser, Todd E Bodner, Jeremiah A Alt, Vijay R Ramakrishnan, Jose L Mattos, Jennifer K Mulligan, Jess C Mace, Timothy L Smith

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. What can we learn about chronic rhinosinusitis through mucus?Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Sleep in disease: inflammation and chronic rhinosinusitis.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2025
    Article
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Olfaction in nasal polyp patients after Reboot surgery: an endotype-based prospective study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023
    Article
  20. [Research progress of biomarkers in nasal secretions in endotypes diagnosis and clinical application of chronic rhinosinusitis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zachary M SolerDivision of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Rodney J SchlosserDivision of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC.
Todd E BodnerDepartment of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Ore.
Jeremiah A AltDivision of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Vijay R RamakrishnanDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo.
Jose L MattosDivision of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
Jennifer K MulliganDepartment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Jess C MaceDivision of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore.
Timothy L SmithDivision of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore. Electronic address: smithtim@ohsu.edu.

Funding

DETERMINANTS OF SURGICAL OUTCOMES IN CHRONIC SINUSITISR01DC005805 · NIDCD · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI SMITH, TIMOTHY L, SOLER, ZACHARY M · 2004 to 2020
$7.6M
Role of Vitamin D Metabolism in CRSR01AI134698 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MULLIGAN, JENNIFER KONOPA · 2018 to 2022
$2.3M
Epithelial cell complement production in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitisR01AI144364 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI ATKINSON, CARL, MULLIGAN, JENNIFER KONOPA · 2020 to 2025
$2.2M
Role of taste signaling in airway epithelial functionK23DC014747 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI RAMAKRISHNAN, VIJAY · 2015 to 2020
$1.2M
Olfactory-specific inflammation and disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitisR03DC013651 · NIDCD · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI SOLER, ZACHARY M · 2013 to 2015
$449k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI134698NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI144364NIDCD NIH HHS K23 DC014747NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC005805NIDCD NIH HHS R03 DC013651
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is considered the most treatable form of olfactory dysfunction, there has been relatively little clinical attention focused on assessing endotypes as they pertain to olfactory loss.

objectivesThe goal of this study was to explore inflammatory endotypes in CRS using an unsupervised cluster analysis of olfactory cleft (OC) biomarkers in a phenotype-free approach.

methodsPatients with CRS were prospectively recruited and psychophysical olfactory testing, Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD-NS), and bilateral OC endoscopy were obtained. Mucus was collected from the OC and evaluated for 26 biomarkers using principal component analysis. Cluster analysis was performed using only OC biomarkers and differences in olfactory measures were compared across clusters.

resultsA total of 198 subjects (128 with CRS and 70 controls) were evaluated. Evaluation of OC biomarkers indicated 6 principal components, explaining 69.50% of the variance, with type 2, mixed type 1/T

conclusionsClustering based solely on OC biomarkers can organize patients into clinically meaningful endotypes that discriminate between subjects with CRS and controls. Validation studies are necessary to confirm these findings and further refine olfactory endotypes.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBiomarkersChronic DiseaseCluster AnalysisCytokinesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMucusNasal CavityOlfaction DisordersRhinitisSinusitisSmellBiomarkersCytokineschronic diseaseCluster analysispatient-reported outcome measuressinusitissmelltranslational medical research

Identifiers

PMID33549569
PMCPMC8113080

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.