Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33549082›Full record

SynthesisBMC public health2021

Is there a health inequality in gambling related harms? A systematic review.

Jodie N Raybould, Michael Larkin, Richard J Tunney

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Digital betting as a commercial determinant of health.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Public health implications of the deregulation and privatization of online and sports gambling in Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jodie N RaybouldSchool of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, B7 4ET, UK.
Michael LarkinSchool of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, B7 4ET, UK.
Richard J TunneySchool of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, B7 4ET, UK. r.tunney@aston.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-4673-757X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHere we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and participation frequency. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 4) not available as a full article.

methodsWe conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.

resultsA total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours.

conclusionHarms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.

Indexed as

GamblingEducational StatusHealth Status DisparitiesHumansAgeCultureGamblingGambling behaviourGambling disorderGambling harmsGenderHarmsHarms measuresHealth inequalityOnline gamblingPathological gamblingProblem gamblingRisk severitySocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID33549082
PMCPMC7866763

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.