Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33549054›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2021

Novel immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment with prognostic value in breast cancer.

Wen Tan, Maomao Liu, Liangshan Wang, Yang Guo, Changsheng Wei, Shuqi Zhang, Chengyu Luo, Nan Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Wen TanCenter for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Maomao LiuCenter for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Liangshan WangCenter for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yang GuoDepartment of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Changsheng WeiDepartment of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Shuqi ZhangDepartment of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Chengyu LuoDepartment of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Nan LiuCenter for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. ln9102@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBreast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women worldwide. Alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been increasingly recognized as key in the development and progression of breast cancer in recent years. To deeply comprehend the gene expression profiling of the TME and identify immunological targets, as well as determine the relationship between gene expression and different prognoses is highly critical.

methodsThe stromal/immune scores of breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were employed to comprehensively evaluate the TME. Then, TME characteristics were assessed, overlapping genes of the top 3 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Finally, through combined analyses of overall survival, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, novel immune related genes with good prognosis were screened and validated in both TCGA and GEO database.

resultsAlthough the TME did not correlate with the stages of breast cancer, it was closely associated with the subtypes of breast cancer and gene mutations (CDH1, TP53 and PTEN), and had immunological characteristics. Based on GO functional enrichment analysis, the upregulated genes from the high vs low immune score groups were mainly involved in T cell activation, the external side of the plasma membrane, and receptor ligand activity. The top GO terms of the upregulated DEGs from the high vs low immune score groups exhibited better prognosis in breast cancer; 15 of them were related to good prognosis in breast cancer, especially CD226 and KLRC4-KLRK1.

conclusionsHigh CD226 and KLRC4-KLRK1 expression levels were identified and validated to correlate with better overall survival in specific stages or subtypes of breast cancer. CD226, KLRC4-KLRK1 and other new targets seem to be promising avenues for promoting antitumor targeted immunotherapy in breast cancer.

Indexed as

Gene Expression ProfilingAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteBreast NeoplasmsCadherinsCell MembraneDatabases, GeneticFemaleGenes, p53HumansLymphocyte ActivationMutationNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily CNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily KPrognosisProtein Interaction MapsAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteCadherinsCDH1 protein, humanKLRC4 protein, humanKLRK1 protein, humanNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily CNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily KPTEN PhosphohydrolasePTEN protein, humanT Lineage-Specific Activation Antigen 1Breast cancerImmune-related geneImmunotherapyPrognostic signatureTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID33549054
PMCPMC7866632

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.