ArticleBMC cancer2021
Clinical significance of HRAS and KRAS genes expression in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer - preliminary findings.
Article in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Common miRNAs, Genes, and Regulatory Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrative Analysis of Systematic Reviews, Bioinformatics and Data Mining.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Engineering of Glioblastoma-Derived Biomimetic Vesicles and Their Structural and Molecular Features.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Lentinula edodes Cultured Extract Intake at Puberty Mitigates Inflammatory Signals at the Mammary Glands by the Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanisms in BALB/c Mice.The breast journal · 2026Article
- Expression profiling of KRAS and NOXA genes as prospective biomarkers in ovarian carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Regulation of nucleotide excision repair by wild-type HRAS signaling in head and neck cancer.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Article
- A semi-supervised weighted SPCA- and convolution KAN-based model for drug response prediction.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Overexpression of wild-type HRAS drives non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.Zoological research · 2024Article
- Article
- Genomic features of lung cancer patients in Indonesia's national cancer center.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Review
- Anti-carcinogenic effects and mechanisms of actions ofAmerican journal of cancer research · 2024Article
- Characterization of exosomal microRNAs in preterm infants fed with breast milk and infant formula.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The Anticancer Effects of Marine Carotenoid Fucoxanthin through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-AKT Signaling on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Proactive and reactive roles of TGF-β in cancer.Seminars in cancer biology · 2023Review
- The Relevance of Common K-RAS Gene Mutations and K-RAS mRNA Expression with Clinicopathological Findings and Survival in Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Unfolding the role of autophagy in the cancer metabolism.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2021Article
- Comprehensive Profiling of Genomic and Transcriptomic Differences between Risk Groups of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe RAS family protooncogenes, including KRAS, NRAS and HRAS, encode proteins responsible for the regulation of growth, differentiation and survival of many cell types. The HRAS and KRAS oncogene mutations are well defined, however, the clinical significance of RAS expressions in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still uncertain.
methodsA total of 39 whole blood samples of NSCLC (the investigated group), collected at three points of time: at the time of diagnosis, 100 days and 1 year after the surgery as well as 35 tissue samples obtained during the surgery were included in this study. HRAS and KRAS genes mRNA expression were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques.
resultsIncreased relative HRAS mRNA level in blood was found significantly more frequently in the group of smokers (p = 0.008). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma subtypes of NSCLC were more likely to show an overexpression of HRAS gene in blood, but not statistically significant (p = 0.065). In tumor tissue overexpression of HRAS gene was associated with adenocarcinoma subtype (p = 0.049). No statistically significant associations were found for the expression of KRAS with any clinicopathological parameters, except the age of patients, within the study. There were no differences between the relative HRAS and KRAS genes expression levels in blood samples taken from the same patients during the 3 observation points, as well as between blood collected from patients before surgery and tissue samples obtained during operation.
conclusionThe potential associations between high HRAS expression levels, age, smoking status and histological type of cancer were observed, which emphasizes the need for further study of the RAS family. Therefore, subsequent research involving larger numbers of patients and a longer follow-up, as well as multicenter study are necessary to confirm our findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.