ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis2021
Simultaneous quantification of seven repurposed COVID-19 drugs remdesivir (plus metabolite GS-441524), chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, favipiravir and azithromycin by a two-dimensional isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method in human serum.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Validated Eco-Friendly High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Assay for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of GS-441524 in Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Box-Behnken design-assisted RP-HPLC method development and optimization for simultaneous determination of four antiviral drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Anti-COVID-19 activity and simple HPLC method for concurrent detection of repurposed drugs in novel binary mixtures.AMB Express · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of GS-441524 in Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Pharmacokinetic Variability and Implications for Dose Optimization.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- First therapeutic drug monitoring of experimental favipiravir in Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) encephalitis patients reveals significant gaps in antiviral treatment: a pilot investigation.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Remdesivir and Its Metabolite GS-441524 in Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Observational
- QbD-steered HPTLC approach for concurrent estimation of six co-administered COVID-19 and cardiovascular drugs in different matrices: greenness appraisal.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- First analytical confirmation of drug-induced crystal nephropathy in felines caused by GS-441524, the active metabolite of Remdesivir.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2024Article
- Insights into the sustainability of liquid chromatographic methods for favipiravir bioanalysis: a comparative study.RSC advances · 2024Review
- Acid-base reaction-based dispersive solid phase extraction of favipiravir using biotin from biological samples prior to capillary electrophoresis analysis.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Quantification of GS-441524 concentration in feline plasma using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.The veterinary quarterly · 2023Article
- A highly sensitive and green electroanalytical method for the determination of favipiravir in pharmaceutical and biological fluids.BMC chemistry · 2023Article
- LC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation for Determination of Favipiravir Pure and Tablet Dosage Forms.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2023Article
- Synergistic effect of gold nanoparticles anchored on conductive carbon black as an efficient electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of anti-COVID-19 drug Favipiravir in absence and presence of co-administered drug Paracetamol.Microchemical journal : devoted to the application of microtechniques in all branches of science · 2023Article
- The application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified pencil graphite electrode for voltammetric determination of favipiravir used in COVID-19 treatment.Monatshefte fur chemie · 2023Article
- Recent analytical methodologies for the determination of anti-covid-19 drug therapies in various matrices: a critical review.RSC advances · 2023Review
- Analytical approaches for determination of COVID-19 candidate drugs in human biological matrices.Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC · 2023Review
- A Non-Instrumental Green Analytical Method Based on Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction-Thin-Layer Chromatography-Smartphone-Based Digital Image Colorimetry(SA-DLLME-TLC-SDIC) for Determining Favipiravir in Biological Samples.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- New Analytical Methods for the Determination of New Anti-Viral Drug Favipiravir: A Potential Therapeutic Drug Against Covid-19 Virus, in Bulk and Dosage Forms.Pharmaceutical chemistry journal · 2023Article
- Simultaneous spectrofluorimetic determination of remdesivir and simeprevir in human plasma.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe present COVID-19 pandemic has prompted worldwide repurposing of drugs. The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a two-dimensional isotope-dilution liquid chromatrography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) method for accurate quantification of remdesivir and its active metabolite GS-441524, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, favipiravir and azithromycin in serum; drugs that have gained attention for repurposing in the treatment of COVID-19.
methodsFollowing protein precipitation, samples were separated with a two-dimensional ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (2D-UHPLC) setup, consisting of an online solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to an analytical column. For quantification, stable isotope-labelled analogues were used as internal standards for all analytes. The method was validated on the basis of the European Medicines Agency bioanalytical method validation protocol.
resultsDetuning of lopinavir and ritonavir allowed simultaneous quantification of all analytes with different concentration ranges and sensitivity with a uniform injection volume of 5 μL. The method provided robust validation results with inaccuracy and imprecision values of ≤ 9.59 % and ≤ 11.1 % for all quality controls.
conclusionThe presented method is suitable for accurate and simultaneous quantification of remdesivir, its metabolite GS-441525, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, favipiravir and azithromycin in human serum. The quantitative assay may be an efficient tool for the therapeutic drug monitoring of these potential drug candidates in COVID-19 patients in order to increase treatment efficacy and safety.
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