ArticleCell host & microbe2021
Genomic monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 uncovers an Nsp1 deletion variant that modulates type I interferon response.
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92 citing papers in PubMed, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism and key RNA determinants of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1-induced endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses the canonical NF-κB pathway by promoting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of TAK1 kinase.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Accurate profiling of single-cell alternative transcript start sites by correcting RNA degradation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Strategic variations in sarbecovirus and merbecovirus Nsp1 linker regions for translation inhibition.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Deletion detection in SARS-CoV-2 genomes from COVID-19 patients: elimination of false positives.Virus evolution · 2026Article
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- Spatial Transcriptomics and Single Cell-RNASeq Reveals Cellular Heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Tissues and Global Mutational Patterns in COVID-19 Patients.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- The P132H mutation of SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 relieves its inhibition on interferon-β activation via blocking MAVS degradation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- DEMINERS enables clinical metagenomics and comparative transcriptomic analysis by increasing throughput and accuracy of nanopore direct RNA sequencing.Genome biology · 2025Article
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- PEDV evades MHC-I-related immunity through nsp1-mediated NLRC5 translation inhibition.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- N-alkylation of amines for the synthesis of potential antiviral agents: A structural modification approach.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Nonstructural Protein 1 to 40S Ribosome Inhibits mRNA Translation.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2024Article
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- COVID-19 Variants and Vaccine Development.Viruses · 2024Review
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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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74 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.
Jing-Wen LinDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: lin.jingwen@scu.edu.cn.
Chao TangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Han-Cheng WeiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Baowen DuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Chuan ChenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Minjin WangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Yongzhao ZhouDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontier Science Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Ming-Xia YuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
Lu ChengMicrobiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland.
Suvi KuivanenUniversity of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland.
Natacha S OgandoMolecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Lev LevanovUniversity of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland.
Yuancun ZhaoDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Chang-Ling LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Ran ZhouDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Zhidan LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Yiming ZhangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Ke SunDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Chengdi WangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontier Science Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Li ChenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Xia XiaoDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Xiuran ZhengDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sha-Sha ChenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Zhen ZhouDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Ruirui YangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Dan ZhangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Mengying XuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Junwei SongDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Danrui WangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Yupeng LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
ShiKun LeiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Wanqin ZengDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Qingxin YangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Ping HeDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Yaoyao ZhangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Lifang ZhouDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Ling CaoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Feng LuoWuhan Chain Medical Labs, Wuhan, Hubei 430011, China.
Huayi LiuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Liping WangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Fei YeNHC Key Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Ming ZhangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Mengjiao LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Wei FanDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontier Science Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Xinqiong LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Kaiju LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Bowen KeDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Jiannan XuSichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Rd, Chengdu 610041, China.
Huiping YangSichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Rd, Chengdu 610041, China.
Shusen HeSichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Rd, Chengdu 610041, China.
Ming PanSichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Zhongxue Rd, Chengdu 610041, China.
Yichen YanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Yi ZhaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Lingyu JiangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Changxiu YuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Yingfen LiuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Zhiyong XuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Qingfeng LiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Yongmei JiangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Jiufeng SunGuangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China.
Wei HongCAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Hongping WeiCAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Guangwen LuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Olli VapalahtiUniversity of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Yunzi LuoDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Yuquan WeiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Thomas ConnorMicrobiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
Wenjie TanNHC Key Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Eric J SnijderMolecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Teemu SmuraUniversity of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: teemu.smura@helsinki.fi.
Weimin LiDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontier Science Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: weimi003@scu.edu.cn.
Jia GengDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. Electronic address: geng.jia@scu.edu.cn.
Binwu YingDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. Electronic address: yingbinwu@scu.edu.cn.
Lu ChenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: luchen@scu.edu.cn.
Sichuan University · CNPublic Health Clinical Center of Chengdu · CNSichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNUniversity of Helsinki · FITianjin University · CNCardiff University · GBChinese Academy of Sciences · CNLeiden University Medical Center · NLNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention · CNGuangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNWuhan University · CN
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, is undergoing constant mutation. Here, we utilized an integrative approach combining epidemiology, virus genome sequencing, clinical phenotyping, and experimental validation to locate mutations of clinical importance. We identified 35 recurrent variants, some of which are associated with clinical phenotypes related to severity. One variant, containing a deletion in the Nsp1-coding region (Δ500-532), was found in more than 20% of our sequenced samples and associates with higher RT-PCR cycle thresholds and lower serum IFN-β levels of infected patients. Deletion variants in this locus were found in 37 countries worldwide, and viruses isolated from clinical samples or engineered by reverse genetics with related deletions in Nsp1 also induce lower IFN-β responses in infected Calu-3 cells. Taken together, our virologic surveillance characterizes recurrent genetic diversity and identified mutations in Nsp1 of biological and clinical importance, which collectively may aid molecular diagnostics and drug design.
Indexed as
A549 CellsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsBase SequenceCell LineChildChild, PreschoolChlorocebus aethiopsCOVID-19FemaleGene DeletionGenomicsHEK293 CellsInterferon-betaInterferon Type IORF1ab polyprotein, SARS-CoV-2Viral Nonstructural Proteinsassociationclinical phenotypeCOVID-19deletiongenetic variantsgenomic epidemiologyinterferonNsp1reverse geneticsSARS-CoV-2
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