ArticlePhysiological reports2021
Effects of exercise-induced beta-hydroxybutyrate on muscle function and cognitive function.
Article in Physiological reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise and Sports Metabolomics: Analytical Platforms, Metabolite Annotation, Pathway-Level Interpretation, and Biomarker-Panel Readiness.Metabolites · 2026Review
- The central benefit of physiologically induced ketogenic states.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Fasted-State Aerobic Exercise Enhances Cognition and Hippocampal BDNF Signaling in an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Exercise-induced β-hydroxybutyrate contributes to cognitive improvement in aging mice.Journal of sport and health science · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Translational Relevance of β-Hydroxybutyrate as an Intermediate Metabolite and Signaling Molecule.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of alpha-ketoisocaproate in oxidative stress-induced C2C12 myotubes via inhibition of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Exerkines mitigating Alzheimer's disease progression by regulating inflammation: Focusing on macrophage/microglial NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Effects of Exercise on Brain Function.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Exercise epigenetics is fueled by cell bioenergetics: Supporting role on brain plasticity and cognition.Free radical biology & medicine · 2024Review
- Microwave-assisted enzymatic synthesis of geraniol esters in solvent-free systems: optimization of the reaction parameters, purification and characterization of the products, and biocatalyst reuse.Molecular diversity · 2024Article
- Physical activity, low-grade inflammation, and psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in England.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Beta-Hydroxybutyrate: A Supplemental Molecule for Various Diseases.Current drug targets · 2024Review
- Exogenous Ketone Supplementation and Ketogenic Diets for Exercise: Considering the Effect on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Discrepancy of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Measurements between a Blood Meter and GC-MS Methods in Healthy Humans.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of Acute and Chronic Resistance Exercise on the Skeletal Muscle Metabolome.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Exercise Ameliorates Atherosclerosis via Up-Regulating Serum β-Hydroxybutyrate Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Muscle-to-Brain Signaling Via Myokines and Myometabolites.Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- β-hydroxybutyrate as an Anti-Aging Metabolite.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Effects of exercise-induced beta-hydroxybutyrate on muscle function and cognitive function.Physiological reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exercise improves skeletal muscle and cognitive function by stimulating the secretion of numerous molecules. In particular, previous studies have suggested that exercise-induced beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) release might improve skeletal muscle and cognitive function, but to date these studies have been limited to cell and animal models. Therefore, we aimed to determine how an exercise-induced increase in BHB affects skeletal muscle and cognitive function at a cellular level, in an animal model, and in humans. The effects of BHB on skeletal muscle and cognitive function were determined by treating C2C12 and C6 cell lines with BHB, and by measuring the skeletal muscle and serum BHB concentrations in aged mice after endurance or resistance exercise. In addition, serum BHB concentration was measured before and after high-speed band exercise in elderly people, and its relationships with muscle and cognitive function were analyzed. We found that BHB increased cell viability and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression level in C6 cells, and endurance exercise, but not resistance exercise, increased the muscle BHB concentration in aged mice. Furthermore, the BHB concentration was positively related to skeletal muscle and cognitive function. Exercise did not increase the serum BHB concentration in the elderly people and BHB did not correlate with cognitive function, but after excluding the five people with the highest preexisting serum concentrations of BHB, the BHB concentrations of the remaining participants were increased by exercise, and the concentration showed a tendency toward a positive correlation with cognitive function. Thus, the BHB released by skeletal muscle following endurance exercise may improve muscle and cognitive function in animals and humans.
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