ReviewJournal of general internal medicine2021
Routine Screening for Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults Taking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: a Narrative Review.
Review in Journal of general internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormone therapy and cancer risks in transgender people: a systematic review.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Pooled it
- Oncological needs in transgender patients.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Early detection of cervical and breast cancer in transgender and allogender individuals assigned female at birth: A scoping review.International journal of transgender health · 2025Review
- Underinvested, Under-Referred, and Underserved: Applying a Gender Equity Continuum Framework in Cancer Control Continuum Programs and Policies to Expand to Transgender and Nonbinary Populations.JCO oncology advances · 2025Article
- Immune dynamics throughout life in relation to sex hormones and perspectives gained from gender-affirming hormone therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- UK recommendations for the management of transgender and gender-diverse patients with inherited cancer risks.BJC reports · 2023Review
- Determining the Sex Assigned at Birth of Transgender and Nonbinary Populations in Administrative Claims Databases Utilizing Diagnostic and Procedure Codes.Transgender health · 2023Article
- Gender-affirming hormonal therapy for transgender and gender-diverse people-A narrative review.Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular disease risk in the transgender population.Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2023Review
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy, mental health, and surgical considerations for aging transgender and gender diverse adults.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- Effects of Hormones on Breast Development and Breast Cancer Risk in Transgender Women.Cancers · 2022Review
- Thirty Obesity Myths, Misunderstandings, and/or Oversimplifications: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022.Obesity pillars · 2022Article
- Navigating Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Primary Care Concerns Specific to the Transgender and Gender-Nonbinary Population.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8.International journal of transgender health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the growing number of adult transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients seeking health services, there are many unknowns regarding how routine screening recommendations should be applied to TGD persons receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Patients taking GAHT may have disease risks that differ from what is expected based on their sex assigned at birth or affirmed gender identity. We discuss two patient cases, one transgender man and one transgender woman who present for routine medical care, to review several conditions that may be impacted by the hormones utilized in masculinizing and feminizing GAHT and for which screening recommendations are available for TGD adults: cardiovascular risk factors, osteoporosis, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer. We reviewed the TGD-specific screening recommendations from several major medical organizations and programs and found them to be largely based upon expert opinion due to a lack of evidence. The goal of this narrative review is to assist healthcare professionals in counseling and screening their TGD patients when and where appropriate. Not all TGD adults have the ability or need to receive routine medical care from a specialized TGD health clinic; therefore, it is essential for all healthcare professionals involved in routine and gender-affirming care to have knowledge about these conditions and screenings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.