ArticleMolecular biology reports2021
5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces a greater inflammatory change, at the molecular levels, in normoxic than hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Cafestol and Kahweol With Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer Cells Involves TNF‑α Targeting and NF‑κB Downregulation.Archiv der Pharmazie · 2026Article
- Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of ECT2: A Promising Target for Survival and Immunotherapy.Cancer informatics · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Inhibitors Differentially Impact TGF-β1 Signaling Cascades in COPD Airway Smooth Muscle Cells.Cells · 2024Article
- Mapping of DNA methylation-sensitive cellular processes in gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the context of periodontal tissue homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hypoxia is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis, including breast cancer. Low oxygen levels induces global genomic hypomethylation and hypermethylation of specific loci in tumor cells. DNA methylation is a reversible epigenetic modification, usually associated with gene silencing, contributing to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Since the effects of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor are context-dependent and as there is little data comparing their molecular effects in normoxic and hypoxic microenvironments in breast cancer, this study aimed to understand the gene expression profiles and molecular effects in response to treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in normoxia and hypoxia, using the breast cancer model. For this, a cDNA microarray was used to analyze the changes in the transcriptome upon treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine: 5-Aza-2'-dC), in normoxia and hypoxia. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry was performed to investigate the effect of 5-Aza-2'-dC on NF-κB/p65 inflammation regulator subcellular localization and expression, in normoxia and hypoxia conditions. We observed that proinflammatory pathways were upregulated by treatment with 5-Aza-2'-dC, in both conditions. However, treatment with 5-Aza-2'-dC in normoxia showed a greater amount of overexpressed proinflammatory pathways than 5-Aza-2'-dC in hypoxia. In this sense, we observed that the NF-κB expression increased only upon 5-Aza-2'-dC in normoxia. Moreover, nuclear staining for NF-κB and NF-κB target genes upregulation, IL1A and IL1B, were also observed after 5-Aza-2'-dC in normoxia. Our results suggest that 5-Aza-2'-dC induces a greater inflammatory change, at the molecular levels, in normoxic than hypoxic tumor microenvironment. These data may support further studies and expand the understanding of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor effects in different tumor contexts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.