ArticleExperimental brain research2021
Characterizing off-target corticospinal responses to double-cone transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relating cortical morphology, corticospinal excitability, corticomotor representation, and quadriceps strength after anterior cruciate ligament injury.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Motor overflow in the lower limb after stroke: Insights into mechanisms.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Article
- Use-dependent corticospinal excitability is associated with resilience and physical performance during simulated military operational stress.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe double-cone coil (D-CONE) is frequently used in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiments that target the motor cortex (M1) lower-limb representation. Anecdotal evidence and modeling studies have shed light on the off-target effects of D-CONE TMS but the physiological extent remains undetermined. PURPOSE: To characterize the off-target effects of D-CONE TMS based on bilateral corticospinal responses in the legs and hands.
methodsThirty (N = 30) participants (9 women, age: 26 ± 5yrs) completed a stimulus-response curve procedure with D-CONE TMS applied to the dominant vastus lateralis (cVL) and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded in each active VL and resting first dorsal interosseous (FDI). As a positive control (CON), the dominant FDI was directly targeted with a figure-of-eight coil and MEPs were similarly recorded in each active FDI and resting VL. MEP
resultsOff-target responses were evident in all muscles, with similar MEP DISCUSSION: Concurrent MEP recordings in bilateral upper- and lower-extremity muscles confirm that lower-limb D-CONE TMS produces substantial distance-dependent off-target effects. In addition to monitoring corticospinal responses in off-target muscles to improve targeting accuracy in real-time, future studies may incorporate off-target information into statistical models post-hoc.
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