ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2021
Immune cartography of macrophage activation syndrome in the COVID-19 era.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunopathology of and potential therapeutics for secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome: a translational perspective.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Macrophage activation syndrome in systemic lupus erythematous and Still's disease: distinct phenotypes shaped by the underlying diseases.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- 20 years of progress in the classification of immune-mediated diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Article
- Re-evaluating cytokine storm syndromes: dysregulated host defense or contextual immune adaptation?European cytokine network · 2026Review
- The many faces of cytokine storm syndrome: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications for a better patient management.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- The dynamic interplay of M1/M2-like macrophages and adenosine deaminase activity modulates COVID-19 severity.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Andrographolide inhibits STAT1 expression and desensitizes interferon γ-induced priming in macrophage cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Application of machine learning techniques to explore the occurrence of macrophage activation syndrome in Still's disease: results from the GIRRCS AOSD Study Group and the AIDA Network Still's Disease Registry.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Sustained remission with eculizumab in refractory lupus nephritis with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in adult macrophage activation syndrome: an observational study in a Chinese cohort.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Observational
- Neutrophilic Urticarial Dermatosis: A Window into Systemic Inflammation and Autoimmune Disorders.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Aging shapes infection profiles of influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 in human precision-cut lung slices.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Interleukin-6 Immunology in Macrophage Activation Syndrome Related to Neuroimmunological Diseases.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Effector CD8 T cell differentiation in primary and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Lymphocyte loss and plasmacytosis are associated with IL-6- and TNF-producing cells in the spleens of fatal COVID-19 cases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Alternative mRNA polyadenylation regulates macrophage hyperactivation via the autophagy pathway.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Article
- Macrophage activation syndrome in Sepsis: from pathogenesis to clinical management.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Review
- Immunophenotyping and Therapeutic Insights from Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Cases with STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutations.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Identifying the Interaction Between Tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 Infections via Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- α2-Antiplasmin is associated with macrophage activation and fibrin deposition in a macrophage activation syndrome mouse model.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A hyperinflammatory 'cytokine storm' state termed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), culminating from a complex interplay of genetics, immunodeficiency, infectious triggers and dominant innate immune effector responses, can develop across disparate entities including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its counterpart adult-onset Still disease (AOSD), connective tissue diseases, sepsis, infection, cancers and cancer immunotherapy. Classifying MAS using the immunological disease continuum model, with strict boundaries that define the limits of innate and adaptive immunity, at one boundary is MAS with loss of immune function, as occurs in the 'perforinopathies' and some cases of sJIA-AOSD. Conversely, at the other boundary, immune hypersensitivity with gain of immune function in MHC class II-associated sJIA-AOSD and with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy also triggers MAS. This provides a benchmark for evaluating severe inflammation in some patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which cripples primary type I interferon immunity and usually culminates in a lung-centric 'second wave' cytokine-driven alveolitis with associated immunothrombosis; this phenomenon is generally distinct from MAS but can share features with the proposed 'loss of immune function' MAS variant. This loss and gain of function MAS model offers immune cartography for a novel mechanistic classification of MAS with therapeutic implications.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.