ArticleScientific reports2021
Extracellular DNA, cell surface proteins and c-di-GMP promote biofilm formation in Clostridioides difficile.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Study on the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of nano-silver/carbon nanotube composite coatings on airway stents prepared by micro-transfer printing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Combination of mitomycin C and low-dose metronidazole synergistically againstAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Extracellular DNA filaments associated with surface polysaccharide II give Clostridioides difficile biofilm matrix a network-like structure.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Article
- Cell-Free DNA: Features and Attributes Shaping the Next Frontier in Liquid Biopsy.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Review
- A novel case of prosthetic joint infection due to Clostridioides difficile successfully suppressed with oral doxycycline.Access microbiology · 2025Article
- Capturing the micro-communities: Insights into biogenesis and architecture of bacterial biofilms.BBA advances · 2025Article
- Genomic study of EuropeanMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Rapid, Point-of-Care Microwave Lysis and Electrochemical Detection ofBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Revealing roles of S-layer protein (SlpA) inMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Infection Resistance and Biocompatibility of Small-Molecule-Modified Polyurethane Biomaterials.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Clostridioides difficile Biofilm.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Review of the Impact of Biofilm Formation on RecurrentMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Biofilm Formation ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Surfaces modified with small molecules that interfere with nucleotide signaling reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm and increase the efficacy of ciprofloxacin.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2023Article
- Nucleotide Messenger Signaling of Staphylococci in Responding to Nitric Oxide - Releasing Biomaterials.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Article
- Regulatory Role of Anti-Sigma Factor RsbW in Clostridioides difficile Stress Response, Persistence, and Infection.Journal of bacteriology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide, yet there is little insight into intestinal tract colonisation and relapse. In many bacterial species, the secondary messenger cyclic-di-GMP mediates switching between planktonic phase, sessile growth and biofilm formation. We demonstrate that c-di-GMP promotes early biofilm formation in C. difficile and that four cell surface proteins contribute to biofilm formation, including two c-di-GMP regulated; CD2831 and CD3246, and two c-di-GMP-independent; CD3392 and CD0183. We demonstrate that C. difficile biofilms are composed of extracellular DNA (eDNA), cell surface and intracellular proteins, which form a protective matrix around C. difficile vegetative cells and spores, as shown by a protective effect against the antibiotic vancomycin. We demonstrate a positive correlation between biofilm biomass, sporulation frequency and eDNA abundance in all five C. difficile lineages. Strains 630 (RT012), CD305 (RT023) and M120 (RT078) contain significantly more eDNA in their biofilm matrix than strains R20291 (RT027) and M68 (RT017). DNase has a profound effect on biofilm integrity, resulting in complete disassembly of the biofilm matrix, inhibition of biofilm formation and reduced spore germination. The addition of exogenous DNase could be exploited in treatment of C. difficile infection and relapse, to improve antibiotic efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.