ArticleNature communications2021
Galectin-9 interacts with PD-1 and TIM-3 to regulate T cell death and is a target for cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 429 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
429 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 575 citations in OpenAlex.
- New insights on Galectin-9 expression in cancer prognosis: An updated systemic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Tumor-infiltrated double-negative regulatory T cells predict outcome of T cell-based immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Plasma proteomic signatures of social support and their association with cardiovascular disease and mortality: exploratory analyses in a national cohort study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Targeting myeloid cell plasticity and metabolic reprogramming to alleviate T cell dysfunction and exhaustion-associated states and enhance immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Monocyte Galectin-9 is associated with CD8⁺ T-cell dysfunction and early relapse after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Engineered CTLA-4 targeting chimeras for targeted protein degradation and immune synapse reprogramming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Antibody-lectin chimeras for glyco-immune checkpoint blockade.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Bridging BET bromodomain and immune checkpoint inhibitors through generative bioorganic frameworks for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Senescent Cell Heterogeneity: Tissue-Dependent Signatures and Age Dynamics Revealed by Human scRNA-Seq Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Synergistic Regulation of Tumor Immunity by Integrins and Lectins: From Molecular Mechanisms to Dual-Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Covalently PD-L1 Anchoring Drives Bispecific Nanostructure Assembly for Spatial Control of T Cell Recruitment and Activation.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics and single-cell analysis of galectins and immune associations in triple-negative breast cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Protein Posttranslational Modifications in Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Surface protein profiling reveals depot-specific features of subcutaneous and visceral adipose progenitor cells.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals an immunotherapy-relevant IFITM1-marked epithelial interferon state in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Machine learning models based on MRI predict the expression levels of Galectin - 9 expression in rectal cancer.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- LGALS9 Is Beneficial to the Therapeutic Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Ischemic Stroke.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The Galectin Family in Colorectal Cancer: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- TP53-mutant CHIP defines a pro-inflammatory phenotype and predicts adverse outcomes after CAR T-cell therapy.Leukemia · 2026Article
369 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The two T cell inhibitory receptors PD-1 and TIM-3 are co-expressed during exhausted T cell differentiation, and recent evidence suggests that their crosstalk regulates T cell exhaustion and immunotherapy efficacy; however, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Here we show that PD-1 contributes to the persistence of PD-1
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.