Trial reportScience advances2021
Neuronavigation-guided focused ultrasound for transcranial blood-brain barrier opening and immunostimulation in brain tumors.
Trial report in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 104 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open Label, Prospective, Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of the Combination of Focused Ultrasound With Re-irradiation for the Treatment Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme Using NaviFUS System
A Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Arm Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bevacizumab in Combination With NaviFUS System for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (rGBM)
A Prospective, Randomized, Standard of Care Controlled, Parallel, Open-Label, Multicenter Pivotal Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Avastin® in Combination With NaviFUS System Compared With Avastin® Alone for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (rGBM)
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of low- and high-intensity focused ultrasound in glioblastoma: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.British journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Scientometric analysis of glioblastoma and blood-brain barrier research (1995-2024): evolving trends and therapeutic challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Focused ultrasound-mediated enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability for brain tumor treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Microbubble-enhanced transcranial focused ultrasound with temozolomide for patients with high-grade glioma (BT008NA): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2025Trial
- Localized blood-brain barrier opening in infiltrating gliomas with MRI-guided acoustic emissions-controlled focused ultrasound.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Trial
- Probing radiation forces acting on acoustic bubbles using digital in-line holography.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2026Article
- From competition to complementarity: narrative review of laser interstitial thermal therapy, focused ultrasound, and radiofrequency ablation in minimally invasive neurosurgery.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Applications of transcranial focused ultrasound for primary brain tumors.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Focused ultrasound for brain metastases.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Review
- Precision Immunotherapeutics for Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Emerging Strategies in 2026.Cells · 2026Review
- Safety and neuromodulation effect of transcranial focused ultrasound for motor recovery in patients with subacute stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- From Polyphenols to Prodrugs: Bridging the Blood-Brain Barrier with Nanomedicine and Neurotherapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Data-Driven Feedback Identifies Focused Ultrasound Exposure Regimens for Improved Nanotheranostic Targeting of the Brain.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bridging the blood-brain barrier: strategies to improve delivery of biologics to tumors in the brain.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier modulation is associated with adult hippocampal neurogenic responses linked to zinc-dependent signaling.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Tissue-type Differences in Focused Ultrasound and Microbubble-mediated Drug Delivery to the Brain Exist at Vessel Level.Theranostics · 2026Article
- From Ablation to Neuromodulation Platform: The Evolving Role of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound in Functional Neurosurgery.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery of bevacizumab in treating NF2-related schwannomatosis in an animal model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Feasibility of ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening in sheep using sonolucent cranial implants.Scientific reports · 2025Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) in the presence of microbubbles can transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to increase therapeutic agent penetration at the targeted brain site to benefit recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) treatment. This study is a dose-escalating pilot trial using a device combining neuronavigation and a manually operated frameless FUS system to treat rGBM patients. The safety and feasibility were established, while a dose-dependent BBB-opening effect was observed, which reverted to baseline within 24 hours after treatment. No immunological response was observed clinically under the applied FUS level in humans; however, selecting a higher level in animals resulted in prolonged immunostimulation, as confirmed preclinically by the recruitment of lymphocytes into the tumor microenvironment (TME) in a rat glioma model. Our findings provide preliminary evidence of FUS-induced immune modulation as an additional therapeutic benefit by converting the immunosuppressive TME into an immunostimulatory TME via a higher but safe FUS dosage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.