ReviewPorcine health management2021
Infection dynamics and persistence of hepatitis E virus on pig farms - a review.
Review in Porcine health management, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biosecurity measures reducingFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Shellfish as a Potential Source of Hepatitis E Virus: Epidemiological Evidence, Biological Plausibility, and Research Gaps.Viruses · 2026Review
- Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Pigs in Poland: An Assessment of the Prevalence on Commercial Swine Farms.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Investigation of Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in fattening pigs in Taiwan.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Simulation model to estimate the burden of disease due to hepatitis E virus in Dutch pig meat and cost-effectiveness of control measures.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Article
- Zoonotic hepatitis E virus spreads through environmental routes in pig herds - A phylodynamic analysis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Hepatitis E Virus in the Role of an Emerging Food-Borne Pathogen.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Rapid visual detection of hepatitis E virus combining reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification with lateral flow dipstick and real-time fluorescence.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Cold Smoking on Inactivating Murine Norovirus in Salami-Like Pork Sausages (Mettwurst), and Hepatitis E Virus and Murine Norovirus in Solution.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Seroepidemiological Survey of Hepatitis E Virus in Intensive Pig Farming in Vojvodina Province, Serbia.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hepatitis E Vaccination Strategies for Swine Workers.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Water-Based Epidemiological Investigation of Hepatitis E Virus in South Africa.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Game Meat (Wild Boar) Supply Chain in Umbria Region, Central Italy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of swine hepatitis E virus and the farmers' potential risk of infection in the Province of Bali, Indonesia.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Label-Free Quantitative Analysis of Pig Liver Proteome after Hepatitis E Virus Infection.Viruses · 2024Article
- Biosecurity measures to control hepatitis E virus on European pig farms.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Article
- The prevention strategies of swine viruses related to xenotransplantation.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Prioritization of pig farm biosecurity for control of Salmonella and hepatitis E virus infections: results of a European expert opinion elicitation.Porcine health management · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 and 4 is a zoonosis that causes hepatitis in humans. Humans can become infected by consumption of pork or contact with pigs. Pigs are the main reservoir of the virus worldwide and the virus is present on most pig farms. MAIN BODY: Though HEV is present on most farms, the proportion of infected pigs at slaughter and thus the level of exposure to consumers differs between farms and countries. Understanding the cause of that difference is necessary to install effective measures to lower HEV in pigs at slaughter. Here, HEV studies are reviewed that include infection dynamics of HEV in pigs and on farms, risk factors for HEV farm prevalence, and that describe mechanisms and sources that could generate persistence on farms. Most pigs become infected after maternal immunity has waned, at the end of the nursing or beginning of the fattening phase. Risk factors increasing the likelihood of a high farm prevalence or proportion of actively infected slaughter pigs comprise of factors such as farm demographics, internal and external biosecurity and immunomodulating coinfections. On-farm persistence of HEV is plausible, because of a high transmission rate and a constant influx of susceptible pigs. Environmental sources of HEV that enhance persistence are contaminated manure storages, water and fomites.
conclusionAs HEV is persistently present on most pig farms, current risk mitigation should focus on lowering transmission within farms, especially between farm compartments. Yet, one should be aware of the paradox of increasing the proportion of actively infected pigs at slaughter by reducing transmission insufficiently. Vaccination of pigs may aid HEV control in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.