ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2021
The longitudinal relationship between immune cell profiles and frailty in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01382082 (Assessment of Cognitive Function in Breast Cancer and Lymphoma Patients Receiving Chemotherapy at Pre-Treatment, Post-Treatment, at Six Month Follow-Up, and Long-Term Follow-Ups), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of Cognitive Function in Breast Cancer and Lymphoma Patients Receiving Chemotherapy at Pre-Treatment, Post-Treatment, at Six Month Follow-Up, and Long-Term Follow-Ups
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Frailty and Its Predictors Among Patients With Cancer at the Chemotherapy Stage: Systematic Review.JMIR cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Blood-based biomarkers of frailty in solid tumors: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence of frailty among breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of resistance training on inflammatory biomarkers and associations with treatment outcomes in colon cancer.Cancer · 2025Trial
- Lack of Immune Resilience Negatively Affects Physical Resilience: Results From the InCHIANTI Follow-Up Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Trial
- Prevalence of preoperative multidimensional frailty and associated factors in middle-aged and older patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer: a cross-sectional study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for postoperative frailty in breast cancer patients.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Article
- The adverse effects of chemotherapy on bone mass are not prevented by senolytics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Systemic inflammation and changes in physical well-being in patients with breast cancer: a longitudinal study in community oncology settings.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Digital humanistic program to manage premature frailty in young breast cancer survivors with gender perspective.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- An Annual Symposium on Disparities in Milwaukee, WI, with a 2023 Focus on Older Adults with Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Development and validation of a prediction model for frailty in breast cancer patients with extended survival.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
- Epigenetic and inflammatory markers in older adults with cancer: A Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology narrative review.Journal of geriatric oncology · 2024Review
- Predicting Survival of Patients with Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer Based on Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio: A Nomogram-Based Assessment.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of systemic inflammation and frailty on survival in elderly cancer patients: Results from the INSCOC study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Novel Signatures Based on the Lymphocyte-to-C-Reactive Protein Ratio Predict the Prognosis of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Lymphocytes as a Biomarker of Frailty Syndrome: A Scoping Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Implementing Multilabeling, ADASYN, and ReliefF Techniques for Classification of Breast Cancer Diagnostic through Machine Learning: Efficient Computer-Aided Diagnostic System.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Article
- Prognostic Evaluation of Metastasis-Related Lymphocyte/Monocyte Ratio in Stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFrailty is associated with an increased risk of chemotherapy toxicity. Cellular markers of inflammation can help identify patients with frailty characteristics. However, the role of cellular markers of inflammation in identifying patients at risk of developing chemotherapy-induced frailty and their clinical utility are not fully understood.
methodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a large nationwide cohort study of women with stage I-IIIC breast cancer (n = 581, mean age 53.4; range 22-81). Measures were completed pre-chemotherapy (T1), post-chemotherapy (T2), and 6 months post-chemotherapy (T3). Frailty was assessed at all three time points using a modified Fried score consisting of four self-reported measures (weakness, exhaustion, physical activity, and walking speed; 0-4, 1 point for each). Immune cell counts as well as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) were obtained at T1 and T2 time points. Separate linear regressions were used to evaluate the associations of (1) cell counts at T1 with frailty at T1, T2, and T3 and (2) change in cell counts (T2-T1) with frailty at T2 and T3. We controlled for relevant covariates and frailty at the T1 time point.
resultsFrom T1 to T2, the mean frailty score increased (1.3 vs 2.0; p < 0.01) and returned to T1 levels by the T3 time point (1.3 vs 1.3; p = 0.85). At the T1 time point, there was a positive association between cellular markers of inflammation and frailty: WBC (β = 0.04; p < 0.05), neutrophils (β = 0.04; p < 0.05), and NLR (β = 0.04; p < 0.01). From T1 to T2, a greater increase in cellular markers of inflammation was associated with frailty at T2 (WBC: β = 0.02, p < 0.05; neutrophils: β = 0.03, p < 0.05; NLR: β = 0.03; p < 0.01). These associations remained significant after controlling for the receipt of growth factors with chemotherapy and the time between when laboratory data was provided and the start or end of chemotherapy.
conclusionsIn patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, cellular markers of inflammation are associated with frailty. Immune cell counts may help clinicians identify patients at risk of frailty during chemotherapy.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov , NCT01382082.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.