ArticleViruses2021
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Pulmonary innate immune response in Sars-cov-2 infection]Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina) · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Unconventional guardians of the brain: MAIT cells as emerging players in glioblastoma immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Viral Infections and Their Function in Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Receptor Expression Profiles of MAIT Cells in Moderate and Severe COVID-19.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Short-Term Dietary Restriction Potentiates an Anti-Inflammatory Circulating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T-Cell Response.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells are not susceptible in vitro to SARS-CoV-2 infection but accumulate into the lungs of COVID-19 patients.Virus research · 2024Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in infectious diseases of respiratory system: recent advancements and applications.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2024Review
- Immunologic and inflammatory consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implications in renal disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Targeting the MR1-MAIT cell axis improves vaccine efficacy and affords protection against viral pathogens.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Neurological Diseases Define the Cytokine Profile in CFS during SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Highly Ill Patients.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the profiles and responses of innate immune cells after recovery.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2022Article
- Emerging features of MAIT cells and other unconventional T cell populations in human viral disease and vaccination.Seminars in immunology · 2022Review
- Immunoprofiling reveals cell subsets associated with the trajectory of cytomegalovirus reactivation post stem cell transplantation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The role of unconventional T cells in COVID-19.Irish journal of medical science · 2022Review
- Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Signatures of Helper, Effector, and Regulatory MAIT Cells during Homeostasis and Activation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Review
- The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with cancer receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy: what we know and what we don't.Immunotherapy · 2022Article
- Exploring the Role of Innate Lymphocytes in the Immune System of Bats and Virus-Host Interactions.Viruses · 2022Review
- Where do T cell subsets stand in SARS-CoV-2 infection: an update.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), comprises mild courses of disease as well as progression to severe disease, characterised by lung and other organ failure. The immune system is considered to play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of COVID-19, although especially the contribution of innate-like T cells remains poorly understood. Here, we analysed the phenotype and function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, innate-like T cells with potent antimicrobial effector function, in patients with mild and severe COVID-19 by multicolour flow cytometry. Our data indicate that MAIT cells are highly activated in patients with COVID-19, irrespective of the course of disease, and express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A and TNFα ex vivo. Of note, expression of the activation marker HLA-DR positively correlated with SAPS II score, a measure of disease severity. Upon MAIT cell-specific in vitro stimulation, MAIT cells however failed to upregulate expression of the cytokines IL-17A and TNFα, as well as cytolytic proteins, that is, granzyme B and perforin. Thus, our data point towards an altered cytokine expression profile alongside an impaired antibacterial and antiviral function of MAIT cells in COVID-19 and thereby contribute to the understanding of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.