Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33546352›Full record

ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Astaxanthin-Loaded Stealth Lipid Nanoparticles (AST-SSLN) as Potential Carriers for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Formulation Development and Optimization.

Debora Santonocito, Giuseppina Raciti, Agata Campisi, Giovanni Sposito, Annamaria Panico, Edy Angela Siciliano, Maria Grazia Sarpietro, Elisabetta Damiani, Carmelo Puglia

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Advancing influenza virus treatment:Materials today. Bio · 2025
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  11. Effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Debora SantonocitoDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Giuseppina RacitiDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Agata CampisiDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Giovanni SpositoDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Annamaria PanicoDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Edy Angela SicilianoDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Maria Grazia SarpietroDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6799-4754
Elisabetta DamianiDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
Carmelo PugliaDepartment of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7694-3641
University of Catania · ITMarche Polytechnic University · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with marked oxidative stress at the level of the brain. Recent studies indicate that increasing the antioxidant capacity could represent a very promising therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Astaxanthin (AST), a powerful natural antioxidant, could be a good candidate for AD treatment, although its use in clinical practice is compromised by its high instability. In order to overcome this limit, our attention focused on the development of innovative AST-loaded stealth lipid nanoparticles (AST-SSLNs) able to improve AST bioavailability in the brain. AST-SSLNs prepared by solvent-diffusion technique showed technological parameters suitable for parenteral administration (<200 nm). Formulated nanosystems were characterized by calorimetric studies, while their toxicological profile was evaluated by the MTT assay on the stem cell line OECs (Olfactory Ensheathing Cells). Furthemore, the protective effect of the nanocarriers was assessed by a long-term stability study and a UV stability assay confirming that the lipid shell of the nanocarriers was able to preserve AST concentration in the formulation. SSLNs were also capable of preserving AST's antioxidant capacity as demonstrated in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. In conclusion, these preliminary studies outline that SSLNs could be regarded as promising carriers for systemic administration of compounds such as AST aimed at AD treatment.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseaseastaxanthinORACparenteral administrationSLNstealth system

Identifiers

PMID33546352
PMCPMC7913486
OpenAlexW3128238241

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.