Trial reportMedicine2021
Graded motor imagery training as a home exercise program for upper limb motor function in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Innovative Hand Rehabilitation System With Synchronized Contralateral Haptic Feedback
Integration of Force Control Training and Mirror Visual Feedback on Stroke Patients on Brain Activation and Hand Function
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based task paradigms in stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Response in Patients With Persistent Pelvic Pain to Motor Imagery Through Auditory or Visual Input-A Pilot Randomized Trial.Pain research & management · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Action Observation Combined with Motor Imagery Training on Upper Extremity Function and Corticospinal Excitability in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Comparative Efficacy of Exercise Modalities for Motor Function Recovery After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exercise intervention improves the modified Barthel index, Berg balance scale, and Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper limb motor function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Home-Based Physical Exercise in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- Occupational Therapy Treatment Associated with Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) for the Recovery of Hand Function in Patients with Acquired Brain Injuries: Outcome Research.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of repeated trials on the strategy used for a hand laterality judgment task.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- The Effects of Motor Imagery on Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis in Women During the Post-Surgical Immobilization Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Visualization on Stroke Rehabilitation in Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Guided and Motor Imagery.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Motor imagery-based brain-computer interface for differential diagnosis in prolonged disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exploring Methodological Issues in Mental Practice for Upper-Extremity Function Following Stroke-Related Paralysis: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- The Impact of Mental Practice on Motor Function in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Brain & NeuroRehabilitation · 2023Article
- Motor imagery as an intervention to improve activities of daily living post-stroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2023Review
- Application of a hospital-community-family trinity rehabilitation nursing model combined with motor imagery therapy in patients with cerebral infarction.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Effects of the Practice of Movement Representation Techniques in People Undergoing Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Technology-Dependent Rehabilitation Involving Action Observation and Movement Imagery for Adults with Stroke: Can It Work? Feasibility of Self-Led Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation after Stroke.Stroke research and treatment · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAlthough several types of occupational therapy for motor recovery of the upper limb in patients with chronic stroke have been investigated, most treatments are performed in a hospital or clinic setting. We investigated the effect of graded motor imagery (GMI) training, as a home exercise program, on upper limb motor recovery and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with stroke.
methodsThis prospective randomized controlled trial recruited 42 subjects with chronic stroke. The intervention group received instruction regarding the GMI program and performed it at home over 8 weeks (30 minutes a day). The primary outcome measure was the change in motor function between baseline and 8 weeks, assessed the Manual Function Test (MFT) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The secondary outcome measure was the change in ADL, assessed with the Modified Barthel Index (MBI).
resultsOf the 42 subjects, 37 completed the 8-week program (17 in the GMI group and 20 controls). All subjects showed significant improvements in the MFT, FMA, and MBI over time (P < .05). However, the improvements in the total scores for the MFT, FMA, and MBI did not differ between the GMI and control groups. The MFT arm motion score for the GMI group was significantly better than that of the controls (P < .05).
conclusionsThe GMI program may be useful for improving upper extremity function as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation for patients with chronic stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.