ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2021
Cytokine "fine tuning" of enthesis tissue homeostasis as a pointer to spondyloarthritis pathogenesis with a focus on relevant TNF and IL-17 targeted therapies.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Ameliorates Inflammation Response and Osteogenic Differentiation in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Arthritis in Rats.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Whole transcriptome sequencing and ceRNA regulatory network in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Obesity, Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation, and Clinical Outcomes in Spondyloarthritis: A Translational Synthesis.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Mechanical Strain-Programmed SDC1Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Management of Dactylitis and Enthesitis in Psoriatic Arthritis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Review
- Restoring adenosine balance in axial spondyloarthritis: a stage-specific framework for immune and structural modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Paradoxical Activation of Entheseal Myeloid Cells by JAK1 and Tyk2 Inhibitors via Interleukin-10 Antagonism.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Profiling of Cytokines and Growth Factors: Pathogenic Roles and Clinical Applications in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin Levels Reflect Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Spondyloarthritis Patients with Concomitant Atopy Under Biological Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Enthesitis on Chip - A Model for Studying Acute and Chronic Inflammation of the Enthesis and its Pharmacological Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of immune and mesenchymal cell crosstalk in the developing enthesis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Effect of Therapeutic Exercise and Local Cryotherapy on Lower Limb Enthesitis in Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Case Report.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Osteoimmunology of Spondyloarthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The bone marrow side of axial spondyloarthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell fate by interleukin-17: Implications in osteogenic differentiation.World journal of stem cells · 2021Review
- Recent advances in spondyloarthritis: positive developments in the seronegative domain.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Article
- Why Inhibition of IL-23 Lacked Efficacy in Ankylosing Spondylitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Potential Role of Genetics, Environmental Factors, and Gut Dysbiosis in the Aberrant Non-Coding RNA Expression to Mediate Inflammation and Osteoclastogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation in Ankylosing Spondylitis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- From Bed to Bench and Back: TNF-α, IL-23/IL-17A, and JAK-Dependent Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Psoriatic Synovitis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A curious feature of axial disease in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related non-radiographic axial spondyloarthropathy (nrAxSpA) is that spinal inflammation may ultimately be associated with excessive entheseal tissue repair with new bone formation. Other SpA associated target tissues including the gut and the skin have well established paradigms on how local tissue immune responses and proven disease relevant cytokines including TNF and the IL-23/17 axis contribute to tissue repair. Normal skeletal homeostasis including the highly mechanically stressed entheseal sites is subject to tissue microdamage, micro-inflammation and ultimately repair. Like the skin and gut, healthy enthesis has resident immune cells including ILCs, γδ T cells, conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and myeloid lineage cells capable of cytokine induction involving prostaglandins, growth factors and cytokines including TNF and IL-17 that regulate these responses. We discuss how human genetic studies, animal models and translational human immunology around TNF and IL-17 suggest a largely redundant role for these pathways in physiological tissue repair and homeostasis. However, disease associated immune system overactivity of these cytokines with loss of tissue repair "fine tuning" is eventually associated with exuberant tissue repair responses in AS. Conversely, excessive biomechanical stress at spinal enthesis or peripheral enthesis with mechanically related or degenerative conditions is associated with a normal immune system attempts at cytokine fine tuning, but in this setting, it is commensurate to sustained abnormal biomechanical stressing. Unlike SpA, where restoration of aberrant and excessive cytokine "fine tuning" is efficacious, antagonism of these pathways in biomechanically related disease may be of limited or even no value.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.