ArticleMolecular human reproduction2021
Use of selective PGE2 receptor antagonists on human endometriotic stromal cells and peritoneal macrophages.
Article in Molecular human reproduction, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormonal Dysregulation and Neuroinflammation in Endometriosis: Convergent Druggable Pathways.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Ginsenoside Re Ameliorates UVB-Induced Skin Photodamage by Modulating the Glutathione Metabolism Pathway: Insights from Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolic-epigenetic imprinting of macrophages in endometriosis: a working model for lesion persistence and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Molecular Basis of Impaired Decidualization in the Eutopic Endometrium of Endometriosis Patients.Cells · 2025Review
- New Potential Pharmacological Options for Endometriosis Associated Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Changing prostaglandin E2 (PGEReproductive medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Higher fibrotic content of endometriotic lesions is associated with diminished prostaglandin E2 signaling.Reproductive medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Enhanced Palmitate-Induced Interleukin-8 Formation in Human Macrophages by Insulin or Prostaglandin EBiomedicines · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-hormonal therapeutic strategies for endometriosis are needed. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of prostaglandin (PG)E2 receptor inhibitors to explore their potential as novel therapeutic strategies for endometriosis. The expression of PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4) in donated tissues from human ovarian endometriosis, adenomyosis and peritoneal endometriosis was examined using immunohistochemistry. Human endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) isolated from ovarian endometriotic tissue and peritoneal macrophages were treated with EP2 and EP4 antagonists. cAMP accumulation and the effect of EP antagonists were measured using cAMP assays. DNA synthesis in ESC was detected using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation analysis. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 protein levels in ESC supernatants were measured using ELISAs. mRNA expression level for aromatase by ESC, and selected cytokines by peritoneal macrophages was measured using RT-PCR. EP2 and EP4 receptors were expressed in cells derived from control and diseased tissue, ovarian endometriotic, adenomyotic and peritoneal lesions. A selective EP2 antagonist reduced DNA synthesis, cAMP accumulation and IL-1β-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion and aromatase expression. A selective EP4 antagonist negated IL-1β-induced IL-6 secretion and aromatase expression. In peritoneal macrophages, EP expression was elevated in endometriosis samples but the EP4 antagonist reduced cAMP levels and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, chemokine ligand 2 and chemokine ligand 3 mRNA. EP2 and EP4 are functioning in endometriosis lesions and peritoneal macrophages, and their selective antagonists can reduce EP-mediated actions, therefore, the EP antagonists are potential therapeutic agents for controlling endometriosis.
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