ArticleFrontiers in psychology2020
Relative Age Effect in Elite German Soccer: Influence of Gender and Competition Level.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Barriers and Facilitators in the Junior-to-Senior Transition in Male Football-A Scoping Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Positional relative age effect in europe's top ten football leagues.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Relative Age Effects and contextual factors in male Spanish youth football: a 10-year cross sectional analysis of U12 to U16 players.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- The relative age effect and the relationship between biological maturity and athletic performance in Austrian elite youth soccer players.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Born to win? Investigating the relative age effects in the big five European women's football leagues.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Relative age effect at Concacaf championships: Influence of sex, age, nationality, playing position, and playing status.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Relative age effect across the talent identification process of youth female soccer players in the United States: Influence of birth year, position, biological maturation, and skill level.Biology of sport · 2024Article
- The Relative Age Effect across an International Soccer Programme in Male and Female Players Aged 12 Years Old to Seniors.Journal of human kinetics · 2024Article
- Article
- Relative age effects in German youth A and B men's soccer teams: survival of the fittest?Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- The relative age effect and its influence on athletic performance in Chinese junior female' tennis players.PloS one · 2024Article
- The Relative Age Effect in the Two Professional Men's Football Leagues in Spain.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2023Article
- Are Late-Born Young Soccer Players Less Mature Than Their Early-Born Peers, Although No Differences in Physical and Technical Performance Are Evident?Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The relative age effect is widespread among European adult professional soccer players but does not affect their market value.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Men Are from Quartile One, Women Are from? Relative Age Effect in European Soccer and the Influence of Age, Success, and Playing Status.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Maturation Selection Biases and Relative Age Effect in Italian Soccer Players of Different Levels.Biology · 2022Article
- Low prevalence of relative age effects in Luxembourg's male and female youth football.PloS one · 2022Article
- Variations in the relative age effect with age and sex, and over time-Elite-level data from international soccer world cups.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relative age effect (RAE) is associated with (dis)advantages in competitive sports. While the RAE in elite male soccer reveals a skewed birthdate distribution in relation to a certain cut-off date, research of RAE in elite female soccer is affected by small number of samples and conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the RAE in elite adult German soccer regarding gender and competition level. The sample comprised 680 female and 1,083 male players of the two top German leagues during the 2019/20 season and German national teams (A-Team to Under 19). Differences between the observed and expected birthdate distributions were analyzed using chi-square statistics and effect sizes followed by calculating odds ratios. Results showed a statistically significant RAE with small effect size across all players included for both genders (female players:
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