Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33542524›Full record

ArticleNature neuroscience2021

Activity-dependent regulome of human GABAergic neurons reveals new patterns of gene regulation and neurological disease heritability.

Gabriella L Boulting, Ershela Durresi, Bulent Ataman, Maxwell A Sherman, Kevin Mei, David A Harmin, Ava C Carter, Daniel R Hochbaum, Adam J Granger, Jesse M Engreitz and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  5. Review
  6. Neuronal activity-dependent gene dysregulation inAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025
    Article
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  8. Multi-omic analysis of the ciliogenic transcription factorbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  9. Just a SNP away: The future ofCell insight · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Gabriella L Boulting *Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. gabriella_boulting@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2012-1259
Ershela Durresi *Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1708-6889
Bulent Ataman *Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Maxwell A Sherman *Division of Genetics & Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-9252
Kevin MeiDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-198X
David A HarminDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ava C CarterDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Daniel R HochbaumDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6220-6651
Adam J GrangerDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Jesse M EngreitzDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine and BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sinisa HrvatinDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-4218
Michael R BlanchardDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Marty G YangDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Eric C GriffithDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-3215
Michael E GreenbergDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. michael_greenberg@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2160
Harvard University · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USLucile Packard Children's Hospital · US

Funding

Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0M
Research ProjectP50MH106933 · NIMH · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI KOHANE, ISAAC S. · 2014 to 2018
$17.0M
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF IMMEDIATE GENESR01NS028829 · NINDS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI GREENBERG, MICHAEL ELDON · 1990 to 2024
$6.2M
Exploring the role of neuronal activity-dependent enhancers in brain developmentF32NS086270 · NINDS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI BOULTING, GABRIELLA LUTZ · 2014 to 2016
$169k
Exploring the role of genetic structural variation in neuropsychiatric diseasesF31MH124393 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SHERMAN, MAXWELL AARON · 2020 to 2022
$109k
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH124393NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH106933NINDS NIH HHS F32 NS086270NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS028829
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuronal activity-dependent gene expression is essential for brain development. Although transcriptional and epigenetic effects of neuronal activity have been explored in mice, such an investigation is lacking in humans. Because alterations in GABAergic neuronal circuits are implicated in neurological disorders, we conducted a comprehensive activity-dependent transcriptional and epigenetic profiling of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived GABAergic neurons similar to those of the early developing striatum. We identified genes whose expression is inducible after membrane depolarization, some of which have specifically evolved in primates and/or are associated with neurological diseases, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We define the genome-wide profile of human neuronal activity-dependent enhancers, promoters and the transcription factors CREB and CRTC1. We found significant heritability enrichment for ASD in the inducible promoters. Our results suggest that sequence variation within activity-inducible promoters of developing human forebrain GABAergic neurons contributes to ASD risk.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticGene Expression RegulationBrainGABAergic NeuronsGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsPromoter Regions, Genetic

Identifiers

PMID33542524
PMCPMC7933108
OpenAlexW3128528601

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.